Wk1 Oral/Esophageal Phys Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Wk1 Oral/Esophageal Phys Deck (27)
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1
Q

Glands with amylase:

A

serous salivary

watery

2
Q

Glands with cells containing demulines:

A

mucous (mucin)

3
Q

Gland entirely serous and watery, 25% saliva volume:

A

Parotid

4
Q

Gland with mixed serous and mucous, 70% saliva volume:

A

Submandibular

5
Q

Gland that is mainly mucous, 5% saliva volume:

A

Sublingual

6
Q

Why is saliva an alkaline solution?

A

Salivary duct cells secrete K+, HCO3-, Ca++, Mg++, PO4-, to prevent demineralization of the tooth enamel

**cells are impermeable to water

7
Q

What is the pH of the oral cavity?

Why?

A

6.3

carbohydrate fermented by bacteria producing lactic acid

8
Q

PNS role in salivary secretion?

A

glossopharyngeal and facial nerves

VIP and Ach on muscarinic receptors increase WATERY saliva

9
Q

SNS role in salivary secretion?

A

cervical sympathetic chain

NE –> B1 and a1 –> viscous saliva

10
Q

What activates salivary amylase?

A

Cl-

11
Q

What does activated salivary amylase do?

A

hydrolyzes a-1,4 glycosidic linkages in starch

**active until acid penetrates bolus

12
Q

What does lingual lipase do?

A

breaks down triglycerides

13
Q

Two instances where salivary enzymes increase?

A

neonates

pancreatic insufficiency

14
Q

Innervation of tongue muscle:

A

hypoglossal (XII)

15
Q

Term meaning loss of taste:

A

dysguesia

16
Q

Taste signals from _____ and _____ lead to ____ ____ _____ leading to ____ _____ secretion.

A

glossopharyngeal

facial

nucleus tractus solitarius

gastric acid

17
Q

subjective sensation of dryness of the oral mucosa:

A

xerostomia

**lots of causes, see slide 15

18
Q

A parasympathomimetic that can treat dry mouth?

A

pilocarpine

19
Q

Swallowing regulated by (CNS)?

A

medullary swallowing center in brainstem

slide 18

20
Q

NT and receptors for top third of esophagus:

A

Ach –> nicotinic

Somatic nerves, striated muscle

21
Q

NT and receptors for lower 2/3 of esophagus:

A

Ach –> nicotinic –> muscarinic

autonomic nerves, smooth muscle

22
Q

Trigger for swallowing reflex:

A

tongue pushes bolus against soft palate

23
Q

Mechanoreceptors sense what to trigger peristaltic action:

A

distention or change in pH

24
Q

NT’s regulating peristaltic action:

A

Ach – contraction above

NO/VIP – relaxation below

25
Q

How are large or cold boluses propelled?

A

more forcefully but slower

26
Q

Failure of lower esophageal sphincter to relax:

A

Achalasia

27
Q

Receptor target for taste ligands:

A

G protein