Wk3 Fiber Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Wk3 Fiber Deck (18)
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1
Q

Three insoluble fibers:

A
  1. lignin
  2. cellulose
  3. hemicellulose (some)
2
Q

phenolic subunits

found in stems and seeds

insoluble

A

lignin

3
Q

branched

insoluble

backbone of xylose, mannose, galactose

found in bran, whole grains, nuts

A

hemicellulose

4
Q

soluble

backbone of galacturonic acid

found in apples, strawberries

completely degraded by gut bacteria

A

pectins

5
Q

common food additive

completely fermented by gut bacteria

secreted by plants to close wounds

soluble

A

gums

6
Q

oats, barley, mushrooms

fermented to SCFA

soluble

A

B-glucans

7
Q

asparagus, leeks, onions, garlic, tomato, banana

prebiotics –> bifidobacteria

soluble

A

Fructans

8
Q

similar to gums

soluble

holds lots of water

quite indigestible

A

psyllium

9
Q

delays gastric emptying

increases transit time through GI

decreases nutrient uptake

A

soluble fiber

10
Q

decreases GI transit time

increases fecal bulk

A

insoluble fiber

11
Q

delay gastric emptying

decrease mixing of food with digestive enzymes

decrease nutrient diffusion

increase small intestine transit time

A

viscous fiber

12
Q

How does fiber lower serum cholesterol:

A

increased excretion and reduced uptake of bile acids

13
Q

How does fiber decrease lipid absorption?

A

prevents micelle formation

14
Q

Three SCFA’s:

A

acetate

propionate

butyrate

15
Q

SCFA receptor on a lot of cells that decreases inflammatory response:

A

GPR43

16
Q

GPR43 affect on adipose tissue:

A

decreases insulin sensitivity

decrease fat accumulation

17
Q

GPR43 affect on muscle/liver:

A

increases insulin sensitivity

18
Q

How human milk oligosaccharides help infant immune system?

A

get into blood

act as “decoy receptors” for bacteria so they can’t attach to other host cells