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Flashcards in WorldHistory_From1550 Deck (128)
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1
Q

most important national holiday in France

A

Bastille Day, honoring the storming of the Bastille during the French Revolution

2
Q

First democratically elected Marxist president in Western hemisphere, elected for Chile in 1970, radical, died in a coup supported by the CIA in 1973, hero to many left wing in Latin America

A

Salvador Allende

3
Q

Niece of Salvador Allende, wrote “The House of the Spirits”, world’s most widely read Spanish-language author, Chilean

A

Isabel Allende

4
Q

took over for Salvador Allende in a coup in 1973, ruled as dictator until 1990, human rights abuses, had 28,000 Chileans tortured

A

Augusto Pinochet

5
Q

Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since 1969 and President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) (legislative body for PLO) since 1994, supported Saddam Hussein during Persian Gulf War, died in 2004

A

Yasser (Yasir) Arafat

6
Q

These meetings between Yasser Arafat, foreign Minister Shimon Peres, Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Bill Clinton in 1993 established the PNA

A

Oslo Accords

7
Q

first native born Israeli Prime Minister, led Israel’s army in 1967 Six-Day War, signed Oslo Accords in 1993 (won Nobel Peace Prize), assassinated in 1995 by right-wing Israeli radical who opposed the Oslo Accords

A

Yitzhak Rabin

8
Q

Famous handshake between these two people with Bill Clinton in the middle applauding, for the Oslo Accords in 1993

A

Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat

9
Q

Sent the Spanish Armada to conquer Queen Elizabeth and England in 1588, lost to Sir Francis Drake

A

King Philip II of Spain

10
Q

This ethnicity who lived within the Ottoman Empire and modern day Turkey were massacred (between 1915 and 1920 more than 1 million)

A

Armenians

11
Q

War in 1967 where Israel took control of the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, West Bank from Jordan, and Golan Heights from Syria, tripled size of Israel, gave Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt in 1982, still has the rest

A

Six Day War

12
Q

Egypt and Syria fight back in 1973 on this Jewish holiday, gained ground initially, but lost to Israel, Egypt turned out OK after it’s own peace agreement, Syria was a disaster and lost even more ground in Golan Heights

A

Yom Kippur War

13
Q

“Father of the turks”, he founded modern Turkey in the 1920s after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, banned wearing of fez hats, removed Islam as state religion, switched alphabet from Arabic to Roman, changed Constantinople to Istanbul in 1930

A

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

14
Q

Israel’s founder and first prime minister from 1948 until 1963, Tel Aviv’s airport is named after him

A

David Ben-Gurion

15
Q

chancellor of German Empire after Franco-Prussian War in 1871-1890, convinced German states to unite under one Kaiser Wilhelm I, the “Iron Chancellor”, resigned due to differences with Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890

A

Otto von Bismarck

16
Q

First German Kaiser was ____ in 1871, _____ last German Kaiser (he threw out Otto von Bismarck) abdicated in 1918

A

Kaiser Wilhelm I, Kaiser Wilhelm II

17
Q

In 1756, Indian troops drove 146 English defenders of a fort in the capital of British India into this single jail cell, many suffocated by the next morning

A

Black Hole of Calcutta

18
Q

war between British and Dutch settlers (Transvaal + Orange Free State) in what is now South Africa, fought from 1899-1902 and won by the British, country was united in 1910

A

Boer War

19
Q

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle mannged a field hospital, and Winston Churchill covered the news (and was imprisoned) in this war

A

Boer War

20
Q

Dutch settlers in South Africa, also known as Afrikaners, based on the Dutch word for farmer

A

Boers

21
Q

In 1835, 12,000 of them left Cape Colony and began their historic “Great Trek” to what is now the Transvaal

A

Boers

22
Q

Venezuelan revolutionary leader in early 19th century who fought Spanish troops for independence of countries in northern South America: Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia (named after him)

A

Simon Bolivar

23
Q

Nicknamed “the liberator”, ironic because he became a dictator after defeating the Spanish

A

Simon Bolivar

24
Q

Leader of Soviet Communist party after Nikita Krushchev, 1964-1982, invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to support a pro-Soviet govmt there, invaded Czechoslovakia in 1968 to depose of an anti-Soviet govmt there. Bushy eyebrows

A

Leonid Brezhnev

25
Q

Nixon (and later Carter) and Brezhnev’s agreement to limit nuclear arms

A

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I and SALT II)

26
Q

Luftwaffe vs. the British Royal Air Force (RAF) during the summer/fall of 1940, Britain won and Germany scrapped plans for an invasion of Britain, invention of radar helped the British defeat a much larger German force

A

Battle of Britain

27
Q

Czarina from 1762-1796, overthrew her husband Peter III (later killed) to take the throne, annexed Crimean peninsula from the Turks, known for her affairs with members of the govmt

A

Catherine the Great

28
Q

prince, lover and advisor to Catherine the Great, battleship and fake villages (that he would make before Catherine toured there) are named after him

A

Grigory Potemkin

29
Q

famous mutiny, also scene where baby carriage falls down steps in Odessa, Ukraine after mom is shot, soldiers are shooting civilians during 1905 Revolution

A

Battleship Potemkin

30
Q

British prime minister who signed the Munich Pact in 1938, appeasing Hitler and allowing him to extend territory into Czechoslovakia, PM when WW II started

A

Neville Chamberlain

31
Q

Chinese general, president of China until he was overthrown by Mao Zedong and Chinese Communists in 1949, fled to start Taiwan (Republic of China)

A

Chiang Kai-shek

32
Q

First PM of India, ruled from 1947-1964, longtime friend of Mahatma Gandhi, head of the Indian National Congress party

A

Jawaharlal Nehru

33
Q

style of jacket named after first PM of India

A

Nehru jacket

34
Q

English explorer in the Pacitic Ocean, established first European colony in Australia, visited New Zealand, Hawaii, and Antartica

A

Captain James Cook

35
Q

Russian army’s elite horsemen soldiers, steppe-dwelling people, tall fuzzy hats, now they are unofficial police that can’t carry weapons or arrest people

A

Cossacks

36
Q

Founder of the Jesuits in 1540 during the Counter Reformation

A

St Ignatius of Loyola

37
Q

War between Russia and Turkey/Britain/France in 1853-1856, Russia was defeated which guaranteed independence for Turkey

A

Crimean War

38
Q

cared for British troops during the Crimean War, known as the “Lady with the Lamp”, wrote the first textbook for nurses

A

Florence Nightingale

39
Q

Name for Gang of Four’s movement to turn China to communism from 1966-1976, used Red Guards to deliberately destroy remnants of precommunist China

A

Cultural Revolution

40
Q

Title of ruler in Russia during absolute monarchy from 16th century (starting with Ivan IV “The Terrible”) to the Russian Revolution (although technically changed to Emperor with Peter I “The Great” in 1721, still used commonly)

A

Tsar (or Czar)

41
Q

leader of the Free French Resistance during WW II, served president after Nazis were driven out then again in 1959-1969 for the Fifth Republic, resigned in 1969

A

Charles De Gaulle

42
Q

Led China from 1977 until his death in 1997, took over after Mao Zedong, Tienanmen Square protest was in favor of him

A

Deng Xiaoping

43
Q

Title of the head of the Soviet Union (e.g. Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev)

A

Premier of the Soviet Union

44
Q

Jewish author and political leader of the Tories (Conservative) and PM twice, he alternated with William Gladstone from 1868-1880, supported extension of British colonies, favorite of Queen Victoria

A

Benjamin Disraeli

45
Q

Position of “Secretary of Treasury” in the UK, lives at 11 Downing St

A

Chancellor of the Exchequer

46
Q

English author and political leader of the Liberal party, PM 4 times alternating between Benjamin Disraeli and others between 1868 and 1894, Queen Victoria not a fan

A

William Gladstone

47
Q

British explorer who found the long-missing explorer and missionary Dr. David Livingstone in Africa in 1871

A

Henry Stanley

48
Q

He often raided Spanish tresaure ships, destroyed the Spanish Armada in 1588

A

Sir Francis Drake

49
Q

Name of Sir Francis Drake’s ship that circumnavigated the world

A

The Golden Hind

50
Q

First Englishman to sail around the world (2nd ever)

A

Sir Francis Drake

51
Q

Port where over 300,000 English soldiers evacuated during the Fall of France during WW II in 1940

A

Dunkirk

52
Q

Nazi official responsible for killing of milliosn of Jews during the Holocaust, fled but was caught in Argentina by Israel, hanged by Israel after his trial and was only death sentence ever in Israel

A

Adolf Eichmann

53
Q

2nd popular book by Karl Marx & Freiedrich Engels in 1867 (after Communist Manifesto), Marx died and Engels finished it

A

Das Kapital

54
Q

Spanish general and fascist dictator, successfully led the Nationalist armies against the Loyalists during the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s and ruled Spain firmly until his death in 1939-1975

A

Francisco Franco

55
Q

French revolutionary leader, was stabbed to death by Charlotte Corday in his bathtub, Jacobins used it as an excuse to start the Reign of Terror

A

Jean-Paul Marat

56
Q

Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s PM 1966-1977, 1980-1984 secured independence of Bangladesh, New Delhi airport also named after her

A

Indira Gandhi

57
Q

She was assassinated by 2 Sikh bodyguards on Halloween in retaliation for attacking the Golden Temple of Amritsar - Sikh’s holiest shrine

A

Indira Gandhi

58
Q

Son of Indira Gandhi taking over after her death, he was also assassinated 6.5 years later

A

Rajiv Gandhi

59
Q

Four Chinese political leaders (Mao’s wife and 3 others) of the 20th century closely associated with Mao Zedong who implemented the Cultural Revolution, denounced in 1976 and convicted in 1981 of crimes such as torture

A

Gang of Four

60
Q

Italian patriot in the 19th century who fought for unification of Italy, his followers were called “Red Shirts”, fought for revolts in South American first too - “Hero of Two Worlds”

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

61
Q

The secret police of the Third Reich in Germany, used brutal interrogation and torture against suspects of treason, instilled widespread fear by their terrorist methods

A

Gestapo

62
Q

German propoganda minister of the Nazis (PR guy), him and his wife killed their 6 kids before commiting suicide

A

Joseph Goebbels

63
Q

leader of the Luftwaffe, Hitler’s official successor, convicted at the Nuremberg Trials but took cyanide pill hours before being executed

A

Hermann Goering

64
Q

Last president of the Soviet Union 1985-1991, tried to revive economy through “perestroika” (restructuring) and “glasnost” (openness) which failed and Soviet Union collapsed

A

Mikhail Gorbachev

65
Q

Latin American Argentinian-born revolutionary in Cuban revolution to bring Fidel Castro to power, tried again but was killed in Bolivia in 1967, wrote a manual on guerilla warfare

A

Ernesto “Che” Guevara

66
Q

Swedish diplomat and secretary general of the UN 1953-1961, involved with setting differences between Cold War countries and independence for African nations, killed in a 1961 plane crash in Africa

A

Dag Hammarskjold

67
Q

Japanese emperor 1926-1989, longest reign in Japanese history, oversaw Japan during WW II, forced to give up his “divine status” in 1946 (first to do this)

A

Hirohito

68
Q

Vietnamese revolutionary leader in the 20th century, drove out Japanese forces in the 1940s in WW II, French forces in the 1950s, and US forces in 1960s in Vietnam War, Saigon renamed after him

A

Ho Chi Minh

69
Q

French Protestants of the 16th and 17th centuries who were persecuted by the Catholic Church and govmt, Edict of Nantes allowed freedom but was revoked by Louis XIV

A

Huguenots

70
Q

Announced that the Huguenots were free to practice their religion in certain cities, later revoked by Louis XIV in the Edict of Fontainebleau

A

Edict of Nantes

71
Q

Paris Catholics killed thousands of French Protestants (Huguenots) in this 1572 massacre

A

St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre

72
Q

First Czar, anger issues, killed his own son & only heir in a fit of rage in 1581, had 7 wives, killed thousands in Novgorod because he thought they were conspiring against him

A

Ivan the Terrible

73
Q

built St Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow, legend says that he blinded the designers so they could never again build anything as beautiful, also made Moscow the capital

A

Ivan the Terrible

74
Q

___ let the ____, the communist movement in Cambodia which committed genocide to turn the country into “Old People” though agricultural labor

A

Pol Pot, Khmer Rouge

75
Q

Iranian leader imposing rule by Islamic law 1979-1989 (died),was exiled in mostly Iraq for 16 years (for opposing reforms) before coming to power, gave blessing to holding American diplomats hostage from 1979 to 1981 and issued fatwa for Salman Rushdie

A

Ayatollah Khomeini

76
Q

Soviet premier 1953-1964, led de-Stalinization, sent troops to Hungary in 1956, Cuban Missile Crises (eventually caved)

A

Nikita Kruschchev

77
Q

Driven from S and E China by Chiang Kai-Shek at the end of the 1920s, Mao Zedong led forces 6,000 miles to NW China, from there they attacked Japanese invaders and eventually on the Chinese govmt, which led to their conquest in 1949

A

Long March

78
Q

term for the young adults who fought in WW I, term coined by Gertrude Stein, example is characters in “The Sun Also Rises”

A

lost generation

79
Q

The Sun King, “I am the state”, built Palace of Versailles in 1682

A

Louis XIV

80
Q

British passenger ship that was sunk by a German sub in 1915 killing over 100 Americans on board, cause US to get into WW I

A

Lusitania

81
Q

chain of defensive fortifications built by France b/w WW I and WW II to keep Germany out, Germany just went around them to the N through Belgium in WW II, also means mentality for fighting defensively or fighting “the last war”

A

Maginot line

82
Q

Dutch exotic dancer and spy who worked for both French and Germans during WW I, French executed her in 1917, known as a seductive double-dealing woman

A

Mata Hari

83
Q

Israel PM 1969-1974, known for her efforts to lessen Arab-Israeli conflict through diplomacy, caught offguard by attacking Arab forces in 1973, grew up in Milwakee, was foreign minister to USSR

A

Golda Meir

84
Q

Serbian leader who performed ethnic cleansing, barred from a 3rd term in Serbia so he was made president of Yugoslavia, accused of war crimes and found dead in prison cell in The Hague

A

Slobodan Milosevic

85
Q

Roman Catholic who received Nobel Prize for peace in 1979 for humanitarian work among lepers and other dying poor in Calcutta

A

Mother Teresa

86
Q

British naval officer _____ who defeated Napoleon Bonaparte’s fleet in this battle _____ in 1805, but was fatally wounded in the battle aboard the HMS Victory, has his own column

A

Admiral Horatio Nelson, Battle of Trafalgar

87
Q

years of WW I and WW II

A

1914-1918, 1939-1945

88
Q

The revolution in 1917 in Russia that brought the Bolsheviks to power

A

October Revolution

89
Q

Russian czar then emperor from 1682-1725 (longest of any Russian czar) who tried to introduce Western ideas to Russia, moved capital from Moscow to new city called St. Petersburg, very tall, founded of Russian navy

A

Peter the Great

90
Q

St. Petersburg name progression

A

St. Petersburg (1703) -> Petrograd (1914) -> Leningrad (1924) -> St. Petersburg (1991)

91
Q

Stalingrad name progression, the city resisted a 6-month seige by the Germans during WW II in 1942-1943 (and won), major turning point in the war

A

Tsaritsyn (1589) -> Stalingrad (1925) -> Volgograd (1961)

92
Q

___ was British PM 1766-1768 during the Seven Year’s War and opposed American colonial independence, ____ was British PM 1783-1801, 1804-1806 (youngest ever) and helped lead fight against Napolean and died in 1806

A

William Pitt, the Elder; William Pitt, the Younger

93
Q

Norwegian who became leader of German-controlled govmt in Norway during WW II, name synonymous with traitor, he was executed for treason after the war

A

Vidkun Quisling

94
Q

English explorer known for his expeditions to the Americas, attempted to colonize Roanoke in 1585, executed in 1618 at Tower of London for plotting to dethrone King James I, known to have put his jacket over a mud puddle for Queen Elizabeth I

A

Sir Walter Raleigh

95
Q

Russian monk (“Mad Monk”) who was an advisor to Czar Nicholas II, claimed to have healed his son of Hemophilia (blood disorder), also had influence on his wife Alexandra, was poisoned, shot, and thrown in the Neva River to drown

A

Grigori Rasputin

96
Q

Another name for the Enlightenment

A

Age of Reason

97
Q

term used for the time when the Stuarts were put back on the throne with Charles II, many plays that were previously banned by the Puritans were produced

A

The Restoration

98
Q

Liberal and nationalist rebellions that broke out in Germany, Austria, France, Italy, and Belgium, collapsed within a year

A

Revolutions of 1848

99
Q

French clergyman and political leader under Louis XIII 1624-1642, known as “Red Eminence”, appears in “The Three Musketeers”

A

Cardinal Richelieu

100
Q

German military commander, master of blitzkrieg, known as “Desert Fox” for campaigns in North Africa, caught in plot to assassinate Hitler, commited suicide rather than stand trial

A

Erwin Rommel

101
Q

War fought in 1904-1905 between Russia and Japan over rival territorial claims, Japan won and emerged as a world power, Teddy Roosevelt won Nobel Peace prize for mediating Treaty of Portsmouth to end war

A

Russo-Japanese War

102
Q

President of Egypt 1970-1981, signed a peace agreement with Israel in 1979 (first Arab nation to make peace with Israel), assassinated during military parade in Cairo in 1981 (Hosni Mubarak took over)

A

Anwar Sadat

103
Q

French Missionary/Humanitarian who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952 for his work in Africa, used prize money to expand his hospital and found a leper colony in Gabon, also a musician who would give Bach concerts

A

Albert Schweitzer

104
Q

King of Prussia 1740-1786, success in the Seven Years War (started when he invaded Saxony), doubled size of nation

A

Frederick the Great

105
Q

List the sides of the Seven Years War and dates

A

1756-1763, Prussia & Britain vs. Austria, France, & Russia

106
Q

Japanese military leaders who ruled from 1192-1867 (the emperor was just a figurehead under them), Tokyo became the capital in 1868

A

shoguns, shogunate refers to the 3 military govts that ruled at the same time

107
Q

Two sides of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

A

Loyalists/Republicans (for elected govt, supported by Soviet Union) vs. Nationalists (for Fascism, supported by Hitler and Mussolini, led by Francisco Franco)

108
Q

Meeting between FDR, Stalin, and Winston Churchill (Big Three) on what to do with WW II, took place at a Ukrankian resort city on the Black Sea (e.g. that Germany would be divided into 4 zones)

A

Yalta Conference

109
Q

When Gamal A. Nasser of Egypt seized control of this Canal from GB and France, GB and France invaded Egypt with help from Israel, US was excluded and denounced it, hurt Anglo-American relations, GB/France/Israel eventually withdrew

A

Suez Canal crisis

110
Q

First female English PM from 1979-1990, the Irony Lady, member of Conservative party (Tories), stressed private enterprise and attacked socialism and the welfare state, popularity soared after Falklands war, but forced to resign when she no longer led her party

A

Margaret Thatcher

111
Q

Third Reich was supposed to be the Third Empire, what were the first two?

A

The Holy Roman Empire 962-1806 (started by Charlemagne) and the German Empire 1871-1918 (started by Otto von Bismark)

112
Q

This ended the thirty year’s war, no real winner/loser, but it did determine that ____

A

Peace of Westphalia (German town), German states could be Catholic or Protestant at the choice of their rulers, made the Holy Roman Emperor pretty much powerless

113
Q

Russian revolutiony leader, but supported worldwide communist revolution (not just in Soviet Union first), at ends with Lenin and Stalin, Stalin exiled him in 1927 and killed in Mexico City in 1940

A

Leon Trotsky

114
Q

The name for our victories in Europe and Japan

A

V-E Day and V-J Day

115
Q

The government of France after Germany occuped them in WW II 1942-1944, a puppet govmt for the Germans

A

Vichy (named after Vichy, a small city in central France was named the capital)

116
Q

During WW II, ___ led the Vichy govmt (after the war he was tried for treason for collaborating with Hitler and sent to prison for life), while ___ led the Free French

A

Marshall Henri Petain, Charles de Gaulle

117
Q

known for her prudeness on personal moral issues

A

Queen Victoria

118
Q

Conference of European nations held in 1815 after Napoleon was defeated, redrew the boundaries of Europe

A

Congress of Vienna

119
Q

South Vietnamese communist revolutionaries during the Vietnam War that used more guerrilla type warfare than the North Vietnamese army

A

Viet cong

120
Q

military campaigned launched by North Vietnam in 1968, was very successful, named after Vietnamese Lunar New Year

A

Tet Offensive

121
Q

Leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910, bandit, folk hero, governror of Mexican state of Chihuahua, U.S. (Pres. Wilson sent Gen. Pershing) sent in forces after him and almost went to war with Mexico when he raided Columbus, New Mexico

A

Pancho Villa

122
Q

Polish labor leader of a Labor Union called “Solidarity”, president of Poland 1990-1995, won Nobel Peace Prize in 1983

A

Lech Walesa

123
Q

acts committed by soldiers or govmt officials during war that violate the customs of warfare (e.g the Nuremberg Trials)

A

war crimes

124
Q

British Field Marshal ____ defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo

A

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

125
Q

common name for the democratic govmt of Germany between the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II after WW I and Hitler in 1933, abolished all constitutional monarchies, govmt was unpopular because Treaty of Versailles was killing Germany

A

Weimar Republic, Weimar was where the constitution was drawn up

126
Q

____ became ____ when he abdicated the throne in 1936 to marry _____

A

King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor, Wallis Simpson

127
Q

term for American foot soldiers in WW I

A

doughboys

128
Q

Russian president 1991-1999, led opposition to attempted coup by communists in 1991 and took over for Mikhail Gorbachev, saw Russia transition from central planning to more privatized, succeeded by Vladimir Putin

A

Boris Yeltsin