Zoonotic Viral Diseases Flashcards
Over half of all human pathogens are ___________.
zoonotic, meaning they have an animal reservoir
Most zoonotic diseases are _____________.
RNA viruses
Hantavirus is also called ______________.
sin nombre virus
Think of a nameless ghost HAuNTing people.
Which three viruses are only transmitted from animals to humans (i.e., those that don’t have human-to-human transmission)?
- Rabies
- West Nile
- Hantavirus
There are unique strains of rabies in skunks, bats, foxes, dogs, and raccoons, but fortunately _______________.
the rabies treatment is effective for all strains
The incubation period of rabies is ______________.
quite long (up to one year!)
What are the two forms of rabies?
- Encephalitic (80%): brainstem dysfunction
* Paralytic (20%): quadriplegia
True or false: rabies encephalitis presents with viremia.
False. Rabies exists in nerves.
How effective is rabies treatment?
Extremely… no documented failures since the 1970s.
The primary mode of transmission to humans for Hantavirus is ______________.
aerosolized rodent urine
What signs and symptoms are highly suggestive of Hantvirus?
- Severe lower back and leg pain
- Neutrophilia
- Low platelet count
- Elevated LDH and AST
Name three viruses that are mostly animal-to-human transmission but can have human-to-human transmission?
- Filoviruses
- Arenaviruses (like Lassa)
- Hendra and Nipah (both in the family Paramyxovirus)
_____________ has a filamentous morphology.
Filoviruses
The 2014 –2016 outbreak of Ebola caused how many deaths?
20,000
The best treatment for Ebola is ______________.
IV fluid resuscitation, treatment of other infections, and oxygen
