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This class was created by Brainscape user Billy Tran. Visit their profile to learn more about the creator.

By: Billy Tran
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Decks in this class (243)

Pathoma: Growth Adaptations, Cell Injury, and Cell Death
Organs will often change in size ...,
The increase in cell size hypertr...,
Hyperplasia usually involves ____...
22  cards
Pathoma: Cell Injury
What are the three causes of hypo...,
Describe the types of ischemia,
The difference between fio2 pao2 ...
12  cards
Pathoma: Cell Death
Describe pyknosis karyorrhexis an...,
________ necrosis is characterize...,
What are the two major characteri...
10  cards
Pathoma: Free Radical Injury
Reactive oxygen species are gener...,
When oxygen accepts electrons it ...,
The _______ free radical is the m...
12  cards
Pathoma: Amyloidosis
What are amyloid proteins,
Amyloid is usually in the _______...,
Describe primary amyloidosis
9  cards
Pathoma: Leukopenia and Leukocytosis
Cd34 is found on ________,
Broadly neutropenia can arise fro...,
High cortisol induces ______ in l...
12  cards
Pathoma: Lymphoma and Hodgkin's
Lad is __________,
Painful lad is usually _______ wh...,
Which region of the lymph node wo...
17  cards
Pathoma: Acute Leukemias
Patients with acute leukemias typ...,
Tdt is a _________,
The defining enzyme of aml is ___...
10  cards
Pathoma: Chronic Leukemia
Chronic leukemias result in high ...,
Cll is a neoplastic proliferation...,
Complications of cll include ______
9  cards
Pathoma: Plasma Cell Disorders and Histiocytosis
What cytokine is often elevated i...,
Why do those with plasma cell mye...,
Explain the pathophysiology of wa...
5  cards
Pathoma: Myeloproliferative Disorders
What are some complications of mpns,
In cml _________ cells are increa...,
Cml patients often have _________...
11  cards
Pathoma: Acute Inflammation
Explain the purposes and typical ...,
_____ is a classic toll like rece...,
Tlrs are present on _________
37  cards
First Aid: Behavioral Sciences
Describe the different phases of ...,
What are sensitivity and specificity
2  cards
Pathoma: Chronic Inflammation
Histologically plasma cells are c...,
The most common stimulus for chro...,
Other than mhc ii binding to cd4 ...
15  cards
Pathoma: Primary Immunodeficiency
Digeorge is caused by _________,
In digeorge syndrome the ________...,
Scid can be caused by _____________
10  cards
Pathoma: Tumor Progression
The first step of tumor spread is...,
The basement membrane is composed...,
List sattars steps for tumor spread
4  cards
Pathoma: Anemia
Anemia is ___________,
The clinical symptoms of anemia i...,
Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels ...
4  cards
Pathoma: Normocytic Anemia
Histologically reticulocytes are ...,
In properly functioning marrow re...,
Reticulocyte count can be _______...
7  cards
Pathoma: Macrocytic Anemia
Why do macrocytic anemias occur,
The body takes folate in as _____...,
Vitamin b12 gives its methyl grou...
11  cards
Pathoma: Epithelial Tumors
Describe seborrheic keratoses,
Histologically seborrheic keratos...,
Multiple seborrheic keratoses app...
8  cards
Pathoma: Infectious Disorders [of the skin]
Impetigo is __________,
Impetigo and cellulitis are both ...,
Explain the pathophysiology of st...
6  cards
Pathoma: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes
Melanin is made from _________,
Melanosomes are passed off to ___...,
Melanocytes are derived from the ...
13  cards
Pathoma: Inflammatory Dermatoses
In the skin the basement membrane...,
Keratinocytes includes __________,
The stem cells of the skin are fo...
13  cards
Pathoma: Blistering Dermatoses
Pemphigus vulgaris results from _...,
Pemphigus vulgaris can also invol...,
Bullous pemphigoid results from _...
8  cards
Pathoma: Anemias Due to Intravascular Hemolysis and Underproduction
Cells in the bloodstream have two...,
Daf and mirl are anchored to rbcs...,
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinur...
23  cards
Pathoma: Wound Healing
The labile tissues include ______...,
______ is a marker of hematopoiet...,
The stem cells of the lungs are _...
19  cards
Pathoma: Clinical Characteristics [of Neoplasia]
__________ neoplasias are mobile ...,
Benign neoplasias will have _____...,
Malignant neoplasias have nuclear...
6  cards
Pathoma: Normocytic Anemia with Extravascular Hemolysis
Disorders with extravascular hemo...,
Hereditary spherocytosis results ...,
Histologically hereditary spheroc...
24  cards
Pathoma: Embolism
An embolus is just _________,
The most common type of embolus i...,
Atherosclerotic emboli are charac...
9  cards
Pathoma: Primary Hemostasis and Related Bleeding Disorders
The platelet plug is relatively _...,
The very first step of primary he...,
What is vasoconstriction mediated by
23  cards
Pathoma: Secondary Hemostasis
The clinical features of secondar...,
Describe the inheritance of hemop...,
Those with factor viii inhibitors...
8  cards
Pathoma: Other Disorders of Hemostasis
Heparin can form a complex with t...,
Patients clot in heparin induced ...,
Bleeding from an iv site is a cla...
8  cards
Pathoma: Thrombosis
Postmortem clots are distinguishe...,
What factors can cause stasis,
Where is t pa made
7  cards
Pathoma: Neoplasia
Monoclonality can be determined b...,
Neoplasia both malignant and beni...,
Similar to g6pd testing b cell ne...
9  cards
Pathoma: Carcinogenesis
Hepatocellular carcinoma in some ...,
Alcohol increases the risk of ___...,
Arsenic increases the risk of ___...
25  cards
Pathoma: Autoimmune Disorders
Positive selection is the process...,
Negative selection is the process...,
Double positive cells are found i...
24  cards
Pathoma: Microcytic Anemias
Microcytic anemia is always due t...,
Why do rbcs divide an extra time ...,
List the four microcytic anemias
25  cards
First Aid: Biochemistry
Dna and histone methylation make ...,
Histone acetylation ________ dna,
Nucleosides have ________
34  cards
Pathoma: Vasculitis
The intima layer is composed of _...,
Most cases of vasculitis are not ...,
Why do symptoms of organ ischemia...
21  cards
Pathoma: Hypertension
Systemic hypertension is defined ...,
Secondary hypertension results fr...,
Angiotensin ii does ___________
4  cards
Pathoma: Vascular Tumors
Hemangiomas present at birth will...,
Often present on the skin hemangi...,
Angiosarcoma is ____________
7  cards
Pathoma: Aortic Dissection and Aneurysm
What is an aortic dissection,
The predisposing factors for aort...,
Weakness of the tunica media occu...
10  cards
Pathoma: Arteriosclerosis
In atherosclerosis the ________ b...,
The core of atherosclerotic plaqu...,
The four modifiable risk factors ...
13  cards
Pathoma: Congestive Heart Failure
Heart failure cells can accumulat...
1  cards
Pathoma: Cardiomyopathy & Cardiac Tumors
Dilated cardiomyopathy involves _...,
_______ virus can cause dilated c...,
__________ can all cause dilated ...
8  cards
Pathoma: Endocarditis
Endocarditis is inflammation of t...,
The most common source of infecti...,
Streptococcus viridans is a low v...
11  cards
Pathoma: Congenital Defects
Congenital heart defects are pres...,
Ventricular septal defect is asso...,
Describe the progression of vsd
15  cards
Pathoma: Valvular Disorders
Antibodies to _______ in ss hemol...,
The jones criteria are used to di...,
The major jones criteria for acut...
10  cards
Pathoma: Ischemic Heart Disease
Stable angina refers to ____________,
Patients with atherosclerosis typ...,
In stable angina the cells are __...
15  cards
Pathoma: Nasopharynx and Larynx
Rhinitis is inflammation of the _...,
Nasal polyps can result from ____...,
Nasal polyps are a sign of ______...
9  cards
Pathoma: Pulmonary Hypertension and ARDS
Atherosclerosis of the __________...,
The pulmonary arteries can get __...,
What are plexiform lesions
11  cards
Pathoma: Pleura
Spontaneous pneumothorax is often...,
Tension pneumothorax often result...,
How do pneumothoraces affect the ...
4  cards
Pathoma: Lung Cancer
Average age of lung cancer presen...,
Radon normally arises from the __...,
Those exposed to asbestos are mor...
14  cards
Pathoma: Pulmonary Infections
Mucus plugging increases risk of ...,
Auscultation of patients with pne...,
Lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumo...
10  cards
Pathoma: Restrictive Diseases
What cytokine induces fibrosis ex...,
Some medical treatments can cause...,
Symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary ...
8  cards
Pathoma: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Fev and fvc decrease in copd but ...,
What does pseudostratified mean,
In the respiratory epithelium the...
15  cards
Pathoma: Congenital [Kidney Problems]
__________ is the most common kid...,
Horseshoe kidneys usually get stu...,
In unilateral renal agenesis the ...
13  cards
Pathoma: Acute Renal Failure
Azotemia means ____________,
Oliguria means ___________,
Prerenal azotemia results from __...
13  cards
Pathoma: Nephritic Syndrome
List the four big signs of nephri...,
Subepithelial humps are indicativ...,
In crescentic disorders what are ...
6  cards
Pathoma: Nephrotic Syndrome
The hallmark of nephrotic syndrom...,
What are the five major traits of...,
What three risk factors does neph...
19  cards
Pathoma: Nephrolithiasis, UTIs, and Chronic Renal Disease
Cystitis will present with ______...,
Sexual intercouse catheters and u...,
People usually dont have systemic...
12  cards
Pathoma: Renal Neoplasia
The incidence of angiomyolipomas ...,
What are angiomyolipomas,
What tissue does clear cell carci...
9  cards
Firecracker
What is the main association with...,
What do hmg co a reductase inhibi...,
Lesion of the superior gluteal ne...
73  cards
Pathoma: Lower Urinary Tract Carcinoma
The most common type of lower uri...,
The most common location for urin...,
What are three carcinogens known ...
9  cards
USMLE Rx Questions: Week 06/06/16
Schizophrenia is associated with ...,
List three symptoms of amiodarone...,
Amiodarone mimics _________ and p...
35  cards
USMLE Rx: Week 06/13/16
By which route is cyclosporine me...,
Review the mechanism of cyclosporine,
Clostridium difficile risk increa...
68  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 06/20/16
What renal hormone is secreted in...,
Describe horner syndrome,
What do teardrop cells indicate
63  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 06/27/16
What is the mechanism by which no...,
Most types of kidney stones are r...,
What kind of malignancy causes ho...
63  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 07/04/16
What value tested in the amniotic...,
What reaction does nadph oxidase ...,
Minimal change disease and nephro...
45  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 07/11/16
The pulmonary arteries run with t...,
Lymphadenopathy due to infection ...,
Which type of breast cancer is mo...
30  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 07/19/16
Most of the co2 in the body is tr...,
Siadh is associated with _______ ...,
In response to heparin induced th...
10  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 7/25/16
What is the main symptomatic diff...,
What causes aortic dissection in ...,
What hematologic adverse effect c...
74  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 08/19/16
What is the first thing you shoul...,
What cell types are often found i...,
Other than cigarette smoking what...
56  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Cholinomimetics
Cholinomimetics mimic ___________...,
The gq receptors couple to the __...,
Where do m2 muscarinic channels a...
10  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Whats one of the main distinction...,
What long term drug is used to tr...,
What is the clinical role of edro...
9  cards
Pathoma: Developmental [Neural] Anomalies
The walls of the neural tube go o...,
Neural tube defects are correlate...,
Neural tube defects can be detect...
10  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Muscarinic Antagonists
What two plants contain atropine,
What is the technical name for di...,
What is cycloplegia
13  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Sympathomimetics
What is the difference between no...,
Alpha 1 activation leads to a ___...,
Alpha 1 activation leads to what ...
14  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Indirect Sympathomimetics
Where is norepinephrine synthesized,
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of __...,
What net inhibitor is used to tre...
7  cards
Pathoma: Spinal Cord Lesions
Other than chiari malformations s...,
Syringomyelia usually begins on t...,
Syringomyelia most often occurs o...
6  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Alpha Drugs
Where are most alpha 2 receptors ...,
What does activation of alpha 2 r...,
__________ is used to treat adhd ...
13  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Beta Blockers
__________ should be included as ...,
Beta blockers have been shown to ...,
Labetalol is used in what population
10  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Benzodiazepines and Flumazenil
What is a short acting benzodiaze...,
The olam suffix is typical of ___...,
________ metabolism accounts for ...
10  cards
Pathoma: Meningitis
What are the leptomeninges,
List the most common infecting ag...,
How does n meningitidis enter the...
4  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics, Melatonin, Ramelteon
What are the three nonbenzodiazep...,
What receptor do the nonbenzodiaz...,
Describe the use and effect of za...
9  cards
USMLE-Rx: Week of 08/29/16
Describe the pathophysiology of h...,
In terms of labs how can you diff...,
What channels are blocked by the ...
19  cards
USMLE-Rx: Week of 09/05/16
Use of _________ can lead to a po...,
What three cephalosporins can tre...,
Gram negative oxidase positive rod
61  cards
Pathoma: Cerebrovascular Disease
What type of stroke is most common,
What four things can cause global...,
Moderate global ischemia can lead...
11  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Barbiturates
Although both the benzodiazepines...,
There is a barbiturate that takes...,
Why is phenobarbital not first li...
5  cards
Sketchy Pharm: SSRIs, SNRIs, and Cyproheptadine
Snri stands for _______________,
What are two snris,
Again what is the mnemonic for de...
11  cards
Pathoma: CNS Tumors
Where do metastatic lesions devel...,
What cells make up the meninges,
What are the most common primary ...
13  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Tricyclic Antidepressants
What drugs are tricyclic antidepr...,
By what mechanism do tcas work,
When are tcas used
7  cards
Sketchy Pharm: MAO Inhibitors
Describe the basic working of mon...,
Explain the differences between m...,
True or false most mao inhibitors...
7  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Bupropion, Mirtazipine, and Trazodone
You might administer what net and...,
Why does bupropion reduce the urg...,
What is a major side effect of bu...
9  cards
Pathoma: Trauma and Demyelinating Disorders
Why do you need an arterial injur...,
Explain why lucid intervals can h...,
What direction will the affected ...
13  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Triptans and Migraine
How is the trigeminal nerve invol...,
What is the first line treatment ...,
What is the mechanism of sumotriptan
8  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Opiates, Naloxone, Naltrexone
What are the three kinds of opioi...,
Most of the effects of opioids ar...,
What type of receptor is the mu o...
21  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Prostaglandins, Prostacyclins, Bosentan, and PDE5 Inhibitors
What prostaglandin drug is used t...,
Misoprostol is what kind of drug,
What is misoprostol used for
17  cards
USMLE-Rx: Week of 09/12/16
The drug that upregulates lipopro...,
What muscles are involved in abdu...,
As you know thiazides can cause f...
68  cards
First-Generation Antipsychotics
Just in terms of names what are t...,
All first generation antipsychoti...,
Which of the first generation ant...
16  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Diphenhydramines
Most of the bodys histamine is st...,
What kind of receptors are h1 and h2,
H2 receptors when stimulated indu...
10  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Second Generation Antipsychotics
What are the second generation at...,
What is the mechanism by which se...,
Sgas unlike fgas can treat the __...
11  cards
USMLE-Rx: Week of 09/19/16
Gastric parietal cells secrete a ...,
True or false b12 deficiency lead...,
Among the beta blockers what is s...
62  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Propofol, Etomidate, Ketamine
What is the useful difference bet...,
What is the mechanism of propofol...,
The most important side effect of...
5  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Levodopa/Carbidopa...
Why cant you just give dopamine t...,
What activates l dopa,
Dopamine in the periphery leads t...
16  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Lithium
Lithium has a __________ therapeu...,
The acute side effects of lithium...,
The chronic side effects of lithi...
7  cards
USMLE-Rx: Week of 09/26/16
Certain antimalarial drugs can tr...,
Posterior infarctions appear as _...,
How does tacrolimus work
81  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Valproate, Topiramate, Lamotrigine, and Levetiracetam
The broad spectrum antiepileptics...,
What condition is characterized b...,
By what mechanisms does valproate...
10  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Gabapentin, Tiagabine, Vigabatrin
Many narrow spectrum anti epilept...,
Carbamazepine in addition to bein...,
What kind of seizures can carbama...
12  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Ethosuximide
The first line treatment for abse...,
True or false children can usuall...,
Ethosuximide works by ___________...
5  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Inhaled Anesthetics, Dantrolene
The first inhaled anesthetic to b...,
The volatile anesthetics are ____...,
The volatile anesthetics have ___...
13  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Digoxin, Milrinone, and Nesiritide
What is the mechanism of digoxin,
Other than systolic heart failure...,
_____________ is an indicator of ...
14  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 10/10/16
What is the best way to different...,
True or false the c1 dermatome co...,
The c3 dermatome covers _________...
69  cards
Sketchy Pharm: ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren
Renin is produced stored and rele...,
Explain the action of angiotensin...,
Angiotensin ii acts on the ______...
11  cards
Pathoma: Oral Cavity
Cleft lip usually co occurs with ...,
Describe apthous ulcers,
What is behcet syndrome
8  cards
Pathoma: Salivary Gland
The salivary glands are _________...,
There are three salivary glands _...,
Viral infection of the parotid gl...
10  cards
Sketchy Pharm: [Anti-arrhythmics] Class I A - C
What is the name of the cardiac a...,
The class i drugs target the ____...,
The class i anti arrhythmics have...
24  cards
Sketchy Pharm: [Antiarrhythmics] Class II
What does sympathetic innervation...,
Sympathetic innervation causes th...,
What is the key role of beta bloc...
7  cards
Sketchy Pharm: [Antiarrhythmics] Class III
The potassium current is found in...,
What is the mechanism of class ii...,
The class iii antiarrhythmics uni...
12  cards
Sketchy Pharm: [Antiarrhythmics] Class IV
What is the basic function of cla...,
What type of calcium channels do ...,
What are the classic class iv drugs
7  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Antiemetic Agents
The nucleus solitarius receives i...,
The nucleus solitarius sends out ...,
What nerve mediates the vomiting ...
18  cards
Pathoma: Colon (1)
The disease that presents with de...,
True or false you need meissners ...,
Why is a suction biopsy necessary...
19  cards
Pathoma: Colorectal Carcinoma (2)
The most common pathway for color...,
Microsatellites occur in ________...,
Other than hnpcc mutations in mis...
9  cards
Sketchy Pharm: H2 Receptor Blockers, PPIs
Which cells secrete gastric acid,
What receptor pump secretes protons,
What kind of receptor is the h2 r...
20  cards
Pathoma: Liver (Jaundice)
Jaundice arises when bilirubin ri...,
After being conjugated and sent i...,
Why does ineffective erythropoies...
8  cards
Pathoma: Liver (Hepatitis)
Other than the hepatitis viruses ...,
What bilirubin pattern is seen in...,
The symptoms of acute hepatitis u...
11  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Laxatives & Antidiarrheal Agents
What are the two main magnesium c...,
_________ is often used in pre op...,
How does lactulose work
11  cards
Pathoma: Liver Cirrhosis and Tumors
The classic description of cirrho...,
Fibrosis in the liver is mediated...,
What is hypersplenism
28  cards
Pathoma: Exocrine Pancreas
I accidentally put this in the de...
1  cards
Sketchy Micro: Helicobacter
Helicobacter is what category of ...,
How can h pylori survive in the s...,
Why is the carbon radiolabeled in...
7  cards
Pathoma: Appendix & IBD
What is the most common cause of ...,
What is guarding,
Recurrent bouts of bloody diarrhe...
8  cards
Pathoma: Gallbladder and Biliary Tract
Biliary atresia is failure to for...,
Biliary atresia presents with ele...,
Why does cholestyramine increase ...
13  cards
Pathoma: Stomach
Gastroschisis results from ______...,
Omphalocele results from __________,
Pyloric stenosis results from ___...
36  cards
Pathoma: Esophagus
In the most common form of trache...,
What effect of te fistula is most...,
What symptoms will babies with th...
18  cards
Sketchy Micro: Clostridium Difficile
Like all clostridia c difficile i...,
What antibiotics are commonly imp...,
C difficile has two exotoxins a a...
7  cards
Pathoma: Small Bowel
Duodenal atresia is common in ___...,
How can you differentiate pyloric...,
What is the double bubble sign
23  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Class V [Antihypertensives]
How does digoxin exert antiarrhyt...,
What kind of arrhythmias can digo...,
What unique problem can magnesium...
10  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Insulin, Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides, GLP-1 agonists, DPP-4 Inhibitors
Beta cells produce insulin in res...,
The most potent stimulator of ins...,
Glucose increases _________ in be...
35  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Heparin, LMWH, Fondaparinux, Direct Thrombin Inhibitors, Xa Inhibitors
What enzyme converts fibrinogen t...,
What activates thrombin,
What is the category that heparin...
23  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Warfarin
What enzyme is blocked by warfarin,
Vitamin k aids in the ___________...,
What are sketchys symbols for fac...
10  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Antiplatelet Agents
What two molecules are exposed wh...,
What platelet receptor binds to v...,
What molecule binds to the p2 y12...
21  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Metformin, Thiazolidinediones, Pramlintide, SGLT2 Inhibitors
The first line treatment for type...,
What is the mechanism of metformin,
What side effects can metformin c...
19  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Statins
Cholesterol is packaged into chyl...,
What is on the outside of chylomi...,
___________ are on the surface of...
20  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Cholestyramine, Ezetimibe
Cholestyramine is a _____________,
Explain the bile circuit,
What is an undesirable effect tha...
8  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Thrombolytics
How can you remember the recombin...,
Tpa and its recombinant forms act...,
What are clinical indications for...
8  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Fibrates, Niacin
The main triglyceride carrying mo...,
What drug works by upregulating l...,
After stimulating lipoprotein lip...
9  cards
Sketchy Micro: Bordatella Pertussis
B pertussis is highly contagious ...,
What is the mechanism of pertussi...,
Ribosylation also leads to what e...
9  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Nitrates
Nitric oxide activates __________...,
What does increased level of cgmp...,
True or false nitrates primarily ...
14  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Gout Drugs
What two reactions does xanthine ...,
Why are nsaids used to treat gout...,
Other than nsaids what can be use...
21  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Methotrexate, Leucovorin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Hydroxyurea
What are the substrates for thymi...,
The reaction that produces thymid...,
Tetrahydrofolate is regenerated b...
13  cards
Sketchy Micro: Staph Aureus
What does staphylococcus aureus m...,
Staphylococci are gram _____________,
Staphylococci are catalase ______...
17  cards
Sketchy Micro: Staph Epidermidis
Staphylococcus epidermidis and sa...,
S epidermidis often infects _____...,
How is s epidermidis able to be s...
10  cards
Sketchy Micro: Strep Pyogenes (Group A Strep)
Streptococcus tend to grow in ___...,
S pyogenes are covered with _____...,
Why is the hyaluronic acid advant...
16  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 11/21/16
On what receptor does adh act to ...,
True or false carcinoid syndrome ...,
Clay stools result from _________...
53  cards
Sketchy Micro: Strep. Agalactiae (Group B Strep.)
Group b strep causes severe infec...,
S agalactiae has a positive _____...,
S agalactiae has a ___________ ca...
8  cards
Sketchy Micro: Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Streptococcus Viridans
How will beta and alpha hemolysis...,
S pneumoniae and s viridans are u...,
S pneumoniae is covered by a ____...
14  cards
Sketchy Micro: Enterococcus
What are the two species of enter...,
The enterococci can uniquely grow...,
Which enterococci is bile resistant
5  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus
What kind of wound do bacillus an...,
Looking at bacillus under a micro...,
Unique feature bacillus anthracis...
10  cards
Sketchy Micro: Clostridium Tetani
The clostridia are obligate _____...,
Like bacillus anthracis the clost...,
What is the classic injury associ...
10  cards
Sketchy Micro: Clostridium Botulinum
Why are canned foods are a common...,
Like clostridium tetani c botulin...,
How is the flaccid paralysis of c...
7  cards
Sketchy Micro: Clostridium Perfringens
Two wounds are commonly associate...,
C perfringens is what kind of bac...,
What kind of c perfringens injury...
7  cards
Sketchy Micro: Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
Histologically how might coryneba...,
The rods of c diphtheriae often g...,
Describe the two toxins of coryne...
11  cards
Sketchy Micro: Listeria Monocytogenes
What kind of bacteria is listeria...,
What lab tests help identify list...,
How does listeria move
7  cards
Sketchy Micro: Actinomyces
What kind of bacteria is actinomy...,
What is the soldier sitting next ...,
Actinomyces normally colonizes th...
5  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 11/29/16
What syndrome presents with throm...,
The internal jugular vein is ____...,
The disorder that presents with h...
45  cards
Sketchy Micro: Nocardia
What kind of bacteria is nocardia...,
Nocardia asteroides is usually fo...,
Bacteria will stain for acid fast...
7  cards
Sketchy Micro: Neisseria Species Overview
How do the neisseria species appe...,
What is chocolate agar,
What laboratory tests help identi...
7  cards
Neisseria Meningitidis
Both strains of neisseria ferment...,
How does n meningitidis spread,
What is symbolized by the syringes
11  cards
Sketchy Micro: Neisseria Gonorrheae
N gonorrheae is a facultative ___...,
What is an important distinction ...,
Gonorrhea in men presents with __...
9  cards
Sketchy Micro: Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia
The two most common infections ca...,
All three of these bacteria enter...,
Because they ferment ________ ent...
13  cards
Sketchy Pharm: ADH, DDAVP, ADH Receptor Antagonists
Adh is released by the __________...,
Adh activates v1 receptors what k...,
Where are v2 receptors located wh...
15  cards
Sketchy Micro: Salmonella
Salmonella is a ______________ ba...,
What lab test indicates salmonella,
The glass case symbolizes that sa...
15  cards
Sketchy Micro: Shigella
What kind of bacteria is shigella,
On a hektoen agar shigella is dis...,
Shigella is distinct from salmone...
8  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 12/04/16
Intussusception usually presents ...,
What three things treat crigler n...,
What parts of the gi tract arise ...
18  cards
Sketchy Micro: Escherichia Coli (EHEC and ETEC)
E coli is a _____________,
What lab tests can help identify ...,
E coli is _____________ and this ...
12  cards
Pathoma: Anterior and Posterior Pituitary
Which kind of pituitary adenoma i...,
The most common functional pituit...,
Contrast the effects of prolactin...
7  cards
Pathoma: Thyroid Gland
Thyroid development can stop at o...,
Thyroid hormone stimulates increa...,
Thyroid hormone stimulates ______...
30  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Growth Hormone, Mecasermin, Octreotide, Pegvisomant
What kind of receptor does growth...,
The jak stat pathway ultimately l...,
Aside from inducing the release o...
12  cards
Sketchy Micro: Yersinia Enterocolitica
The yersinia are what kind of bac...,
Why did sketchy represent y enter...,
Who is most commonly infected wit...
11  cards
Pathoma: Endocrine Pancreas
Each islet of langerhans contains...,
Beta cells are typically in the _...,
Type 1 dm is a type ___________ h...
13  cards
Pathoma: Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla
True or false those with cushings...,
Once again how does cushings lead...,
In which kind of cushings will th...
15  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Glucocorticoids
Where in the cell are glucocortic...,
The receptor glucocorticoid compl...,
How do glucocorticoids inhibit co...
13  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 12/12/16
The direct pathway through the ba...,
Trace the direct pathway through ...,
Trace the indirect pathway throug...
21  cards
Sketchy Micro: Campylobacter
Campylobacter grows best at _____...,
What is the most common mode of t...,
What kind of bacteria is campylob...
7  cards
Pathoma: Parathyroid Gland
True or false parathyroid hormone...,
Pth causes increased serum levels...,
Adenoma is the cause of _________...
11  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Bisphosphonates, Raloxifene, Denosumab, Calcitonin
The bisphosphonates preferentiall...,
How do bisphosphonates ultimately...,
Bisphosphonates are excellent at ...
11  cards
Cardiology
Review the embryology of the hear...,
The heartbeat develops at __________,
The __________ forms a valve for ...
77  cards
Sketchy Micro: Vibrio
What shape is vibrio,
The classic symptom of cholera is...,
Vibrio is gram _______________
8  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Calcium Channel Blockers
What kind of channel is the l typ...,
True or false all l type channels...,
The dihydropyridine channels end ...
18  cards
USMLE Rx: Week of 12/18/16
Where do zollinger ellison tumors...,
What should you be thinking if a ...,
How does isoniazid work
52  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Penicillin
What is the sketchy symbol for be...,
Penicillins and all other transpe...,
Penicillin binding proteins attac...
13  cards
Sketchy Micro: Pseudomonas
What type of bacteria is pseudomonas,
Pseudomonas thrives in __________...,
Pseudomonas is __________ positiv...
14  cards
Sketchy Micro: Proteus Mirabilis
What type of bacterium is proteus...,
When plated proteus demonstrates ...,
Proteus mirabilis can cause what ...
7  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Methicillin, and Dicloxacillin
What protein crosslinks peptidogl...,
What makes nafcillin oxacillin me...,
What bacteria can nafcillin oxaci...
7  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin, and Ticarcillin
How are ampicillin amoxicillin pi...,
The amino penicillins are _______...,
_____________ has great bioavaila...
11  cards
USMLE-Rx: Week of 12/26/16
Familial hypercholesterolemia res...,
Defective c ii results in _______...,
Apo e defects result in _________...
125  cards
Sketchy Micro: Haemophilus Influenzae
What kind of bacteria is haemophi...,
H influenzae has a unique shape w...,
What agar can h influenzae grow on
13  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Cephalosporins
What are the first generation cep...,
What bacteria and infections can ...,
Cefazolin is commonly used for __...
14  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Monobactams and Carbapenems
Give an example of a monobactam,
Aztreonam can kill only _________...,
What is a typical use of aztreonam
6  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Vancomycin
Vancomycin is only effective agai...,
What residue does vancomycin bind,
Vancomycin is almost always admin...
9  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Daptomycin
Against which bacteria is daptomy...,
Daptomycin targets the __________...,
What is the specific mechanism of...
7  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Tetracycline
The tetracyclines are bacterio __...,
Which part of the ribosome do tet...,
Tetracyclines are effective again...
12  cards
Sketchy Micro: Legionella
What kind of bacteria is legionella,
Legionella requires a freakishly ...,
What is the milder illness caused...
7  cards
CBSSA Form 13
Multiple myeloma causes hypercalc...,
What are the osmolalities of the ...,
If someone comes in with methanol...
29  cards
Sketchy Micro: Bartonella Henselae
Bartonella henselae is what kind ...,
A woman comes in with ___________...,
What disease can bartonella hense...
4  cards
USMLE-Rx: Week of 01/02/17
What are the possible sequelae of...,
Review the molecular mechanism th...,
___________ is thought to work by...
67  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Macrolides
Macrolides bind to the __________...,
Macrolides are considered bacteri...,
Macrolides are used for the treat...
9  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Clindamycin
Clindamycin is bacteri _____________,
Which bacteria is clindamycin eff...,
What types of tissues does clinda...
11  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Chloramphenicol
How does chloramphenicol work,
What is a common use of chloramph...,
In addition to meningitis bugs n ...
5  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Linezolid
What is the mechanism of linezolid,
What types of bacteria is linezol...,
What are some specific indication...
4  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Aminoglycosides
Considering their mechanism what ...,
How do aminoglycosides work,
Aminoglycosides are effective aga...
12  cards
Immunology
What is the difference between fi...,
True or false lymph nodes typical...,
What is the main role of the lymp...
105  cards
USMLE-Rx: Week of 01/09/17
What electrolyte abnormality ofte...,
In what five infectious exposures...,
What glucose concentration will o...
99  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
What are the precursors for dihyd...,
What does sulfamethoxazole inhibi...,
A common usage of bactrim is ____...
8  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones are mainly effec...,
What is the mechanism of fluoroqu...,
Fluoroquinolones are often used f...
10  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Metronidazole
Metronidazole is classically used...,
What is the mechanism of metronid...,
What organisms is metronidazole e...
9  cards
Sketchy Micro: Papillomavirus
Genetically what kind of virus is...,
What covering does papillomavirus...,
Verruca vulgaris is caused by ___...
10  cards
Sketchy Micro: (Norwalk) Calicivirus
What genetic makeup does calicivi...,
What covering does calicivirus have,
What feature is symbolized by the...
7  cards
Sketchy Micro: Reovirus (dsRNA)
What covering does reovirus have,
What genetic makeup does reovirus...,
How many segments does reovirus have
10  cards
Pathoma: Penis
___________ is due to failure of ...,
What causes epispadias,
Epispadias is associated with ___...
8  cards
Pathoma: Testicle
The most common congenital abnorm...,
True or false it is recommended t...,
What are the most common causes o...
11  cards
Pathoma: Prostate
What are the most common etiologi...,
What are presenting signs and sym...,
How is chronic prostatitis distin...
15  cards
Sketchy Micro: Chlamydia
Chlamydia is an obligate ________...,
How might chlamydia appear on gra...,
Why is chlamydia an obligate intr...
15  cards
Sketchy Micro: HSV 1 and 2
Whats the difference between herp...,
What kind of virus is hsv,
What covering does hsv have
17  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Tuberculosis Drugs
Explain the timeline of tuberculo...,
Most of the anti mycobacterial dr...,
To where does latent tb often rea...
17  cards
Sketchy Micro: Epstein-Barr Virus
What is the genetic makeup of eps...,
How is ebv transmitted,
What cells might be seen on a blo...
11  cards
QBanks: Week of 01/15/17
Describe the two forms of urachal...,
The vitelline duct is also called...,
_____________ results from failur...
113  cards
Sketchy Micro: Cytomegalovirus
To what family does cytomegalovir...,
What kind of genetic material doe...,
All dna viruses replicate inside ...
20  cards
Sketchy Micro: Varicella Zoster Virus
What kind of virus is vzv,
What is exanthum,
What symptoms are characteristic ...
17  cards
Sketchy Micro: HHV-6 Roseola
What kind of virus is hhv 6,
What cells does hhv 6 infect,
Roseola causes ____________ disease
6  cards
Sketchy Micro: HHV-8 Kaposi's Sarcoma
What type of virus is hhv 8,
Hhv 8 causes _____________ in imm...,
Kaposis sarcoma usually presents ...
10  cards
Pathoma: Vulva
What is included in the vulva,
Which are posterior bartholins gl...,
Describe bartholins cysts
13  cards
Pathoma: Vagina
What type of epithelium lines the...,
What is adenosis,
What will you see on histologic e...
9  cards
Sketchy Micro: Treponema Pallidum
What is the shape of treponema pa...,
What is needed for direct visuali...,
What screening test is used to id...
15  cards
Pathoma: Cervix
The __________ is lined with stra...,
Hpv infects the ___________,
E6 disrupts ____________ and e7 d...
12  cards
Sketchy Micro: Rickettsia Species Overview
Briefly classify rickettsia,
Why is rickettsia an obligate int...,
Although rickettsia does not gram...
6  cards
Pathoma: Endometrium and Myometrium
Growth of the endometrium is driv...,
Shedding of the endometrium occur...,
What is d c
20  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famciclovir
Acyclovir is a _____________ analog,
What needs to happen to acyclovir...,
Which enzyme is disrupted by acyc...
13  cards
Sketchy Pharm: Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir, Foscarnet, and Cidofovir
All of the drugs in this sketch a...,
What is a common indication for u...,
True or false ganciclovir needs t...
12  cards
Sketchy Micro: Gardneralla Vaginalis
G vaginalis is a gram ___________...,
Bacterial vaginosis is said to ha...,
Bacterial vaginosis usually begin...
8  cards
Pathoma: Ovary
___________ cells produce androge...,
Oocytes mature in response to ___...,
The endometrium undergoes prolife...
9  cards
Sketchy Micro: Trichomoniasis
What syndromes can be caused by t...,
What are signs and symptoms of va...,
What lab test suggests infection ...
5  cards
Sketchy Micro: Retrovirus - HIV/AIDS
How does the genetic material of ...,
What covering does hiv have,
How many pieces of rna are in eac...
15  cards

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