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Bronwyn Delacruz
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Decks in this class (83)
Basic Nephrology: The Glomerulus
The part of the nephron that acce...,
How does the afferent arteriole r...,
Primarily regulates serum osmolal...
11
cards
Basic Nephrology: The Renal Tubules
Reabsorption in pct,
Reabsorption secretion in early pct
16
cards
Approach to Abnormal Electrolyes
If serum na is normal what can yo...,
Abnormal na is almost always due ...,
If na normal abnormal electrolyte...
10
cards
Water Handling
Too much water in the brain can c...,
Too little water in the brain can...,
Explain the cerebral adaptation p...
44
cards
Intravenous Fluids
Outline the basics of the frank s...,
4 specific goals of iv fluid pres...,
Rescue goal
33
cards
Approach to Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia is usually due to fa...,
The adh system reacts to __ conce...,
11
cards
Fluid Compartment and Edema
Edema is abnormally large amounts...,
Outline the difference in body co...,
4 elements that regular interstit...
18
cards
Treatment of Hyponatremia
Treatment of hypo osmolar hyponat...,
How do you balance treatment for ...,
Treatment timeline for hyponatremia
11
cards
Endocrine 101
6 hypothalamic functions,
Outline a schematic represetnatio...,
What hormones does the posterior ...
32
cards
Diabetes in Children
Most common type of diabetes in c...,
Insulin resistance with relative ...
21
cards
Insulin Management
Pro and con of syringe route of a...,
Pro and con of insulin pen roa,
Csii
29
cards
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Regulation
Amylose and amylopectins are exam...,
The most important dietary hexose...,
D glucose is also called
49
cards
Peptide and Steroids
What is a hormone,
17
cards
Introduction to Diabetes
Lab definitions of prediabbetes,
Lab definitions of diabetes,
Definition of metabolic syndrome
21
cards
Primary Hypertension I
Bp to categorize as hypertension ...,
Criteria for diabetes,
23
cards
Primary Hypertension Part 2
What are high risk patients with ...,
Recommended office bp treatment t...,
Nonpharmacological therapy if low...
21
cards
Hypernatremia- Diabetes Insipidus, Polydipsia, Polyuria
Low plasma osmolality tbw ____hig...,
Explain this graph,
Normal serum osm normal serum na
29
cards
Diuretics
Diuretics all work by causing the...,
4 classes of diuretics,
Site of carbonic anhydrase inhibi...
25
cards
Pathogenesis of Type I DM
Most common type of diabets,
Tidm primarily a result of pancre...,
What type of diabetes is ketosis ...
30
cards
Pathogenesis of Type II DM
Outline the natrual history of ty...,
Reduced hepatic glucose output de...,
3 key organs that are affected by...
22
cards
Lipoprotein Physiology I
Cholesterol particularly ldl lead...,
It makes up most ofadipose tissue...,
A non nutritive lipid that ishono...
19
cards
Lipoprotein Physiology II: Genetic Lipid Disorders
Measurement equation for ldl,
Fasting or non fasting lipid pane...,
If tg even with fasting unable to...
35
cards
Management of Lipid Disorders
First line of treatment with some...,
Baseline cvd risk is usually esti...
26
cards
Secondary Causes of Hyperlipidemia
Despite the name secondary causes...,
The baseline lipids determined by...,
Note this flow chart
30
cards
CV Risk Prediction
General pathophysiology of mi due...,
In diabetes which coronary vessel...
18
cards
Appropriate Use of DM Guidelines
Nlood pressure treatment target i...,
Process of shared decision making...
3
cards
Hyperglycemic Diabetic Emergencies
Metabolic effects of insulin on m...,
Metabolic effects of insulin on t...,
Metabolic effects of insulin on a...
38
cards
Hypoglycemia
Glut transporters on the brain,
Diagnosis of hypoglycemia whipple...
19
cards
Non-Insulin Pharmacologic Agents for Diabetes
Therapy is generally additive wha...,
Outline the frame work and goals ...,
Metfomin is a ___ class oha that ...
18
cards
Diabetes in Pregnancy
Outline the changes in insulin re...,
Which glucose receptors are prsen...,
3 key counter regulatory hormones...
38
cards
Potassium Physiology
Serum k is the main determinant o...,
What parts of this action potenti...,
Why is the inside of the cell neg...
13
cards
Hypokalemia
Scheme for hypokalemia broad cate...,
Is the principle cell k channels ...
11
cards
Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia should be cons...,
Cbc findings of someone with pseu...,
After pseudohyperkalemia exclusio...
12
cards
Putting it All Together: Diabetes
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adu...,
2
cards
In hospital Management of Diabetes
Improving glycemic control improv...,
Testing blood glucose with hospit...,
Bbit
14
cards
Approach to Proteinuria
Normoalbuminuria __mg per day of ...,
Nephrotic vs nephritic,
Neprhitic syndrome triad
35
cards
Glomerular Hematuria: Nephritic Syndrome
Classic triad of nephritic sndorme,
Can you be nephritic and nephroti...
14
cards
NSAIDs and Renal Toxicity
How do nsaids cause renal toxicity,
Normally the kidneys rely on myog...,
Normally the kidneys rely on myog...
15
cards
Nephrolithiasis II
Approach to renal colic nephrolit...,
Rare causes of renal colic that s...,
Scoring system for diagnosing nep...
30
cards
Acute Kidney Injury I and II
T f usually there are a lot of sy...,
Diagnosed through ____ ___investi...,
Definition of aki
31
cards
Acute Kidney Injury III
Presentation male in emergency de...,
Urine sodium is 20 mmol l but eve...,
This person shows up with a gfr t...
13
cards
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Characteristic finding on biopsy ...,
Which one is the normal biopsy an...,
Cause of injury
14
cards
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Acute tubular necrosis is the mos...,
Pathophysiology of atnatn is the ...,
22
cards
Thyroid Anatomy and Pathology I
Thyroid gland forms at the ___ of...,
A lingual thyroid is,
40
cards
Thyroid Anatomy and Pathology II
Too much thyroid hormone causes 1...,
Outline the pathomechanism of gra...,
Microscopic histological findings...
20
cards
Low TSH Approach
Physical findings of low tsh,
Low tsh __thyroidism
29
cards
High TSH Approahc
High tsh aka ___thyroidism ____ _...,
How does the relaxation phase on ...,
What would you see on histology w...
23
cards
Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy
Clinical features of hyperthyroid...,
Changes in thyroid physilogy in p...
47
cards
Abnormal TSH in Infancy
T f,
In utero the tsh ft4 ft3 feedback...,
T f you must alwasy treat transie...
38
cards
Approach to Acid-Base Problems
Outline the buffer system in the ...,
Hco3 regulation is done by the __...,
Approach to identifying disorders...
18
cards
Proton Handling and Renal Tubular Acidosis
Ph 718 hco3 9 pco2 24 anion gap 1...,
Normally kidney reabsorb __ buffe...,
Main site of bicarb reabsorption
15
cards
Metabolic Alkalosis
Ph 745 hco3 34 pco2 51 anion gap ...,
Metabolic alklaosis is usually du...,
13
cards
Metabolic Acidosis
Case female hurts to urinate,
First task with hagma is to ident...,
Toxic alcohol panels aren t usual...
12
cards
Incontinence: Voiding Function
Lower urinary tract has two basic...,
Medications for sui,
Innervation of the detrusor muscle
36
cards
Approach to Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease ckd is an ...,
Gfr criteria for ckd,
Gfr
31
cards
Complications and Management of CKD
Causes of hyperkalemia in ckd1 in...,
Why is managing hyperkalemia impo...,
3 broad causes as to why metaboli...
29
cards
Renal Replacement Therapy
Aeiou indications for renal place...,
Non urgen uremia symptomsqanorexi...,
For patients with ckd these probl...
34
cards
Palliative Care in CKD
Goal of palliative care,
T f palliative care is done when ...,
4 steps to the palliative approac...
11
cards
Drug Handling and the Kidney
Pharmacokinetics descirbes the be...,
Elimination aspect of pharmacokin...,
How does absorption pharmacokinet...
22
cards
Approach to the Poisoned Patient
Key questions about the history w...,
Outline a toxicological physical ...,
Anion gap equation
23
cards
Kidney Transplantation
In general what is the best strat...,
Strongest modifiable risk factor ...,
Allocation of deceased donor orga...
6
cards
Calcium Metabolism
__ and ___ are the major minerals...,
Where is total body calcium located,
1 of total body calcium is extrac...
35
cards
Bone Metabolism Continued
Recall that bone remodeling is a ...,
3 key steps of bone remodeling 1 ...,
Process of osteoclasts
20
cards
Approach to the Thyroid Nodule
Label the basic thyroid anatomy,
Besides a thyroid nodule what els...,
Enalrged thyroid
39
cards
Thyroid Cancer
40 year old healthy female for a ...,
Which gender is more likely to be...
26
cards
Osteoporosis I
Osteoposis is characterized by de...,
T f people with osteoporosis have...,
5 factors of bone that play a rol...
33
cards
Osteoporosis II: Treatment
Tf you need a calcium supplement,
T f you need a vitamin d supplement,
What form of vitamin d is the bes...
29
cards
Hypocalcemia
Cns responsers to hypocalcemia,
Chvosteks sign,
Trousseaus sign
24
cards
Hypercalcemia
Clinical manifestations of hyperc...,
Key hyperca2 dx outpatient inpatient,
Some calcium is bound to albumin ...
15
cards
Growth Hormone Excess and Physiology
Gh acts on the liver to make ___,
Indirect and direct effects of gr...,
Growth hormone is antagonistic to...
19
cards
Pituitary Physiology
T f anterior pituitary has a dire...,
The ___ ___ artery supplies the o...,
Two hormones that are released by...
23
cards
Approach to Prolactinemia
Hypothalamic dopamine __ prolacti...,
How does prolactin affect breast ...,
Why does the pituitary increase i...
15
cards
Diabetic Nephropathy
4 factors anbout diabetes that le...,
How does advanced glycosylation c...,
2 broad groups that encapsule chr...
26
cards
Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
T f htnn presents with albuminuria,
Biggest risk factor of htnn,
Afferent arteriole is thickened w...
13
cards
Renal Artery Stenosis
Renal artery stenosis leads to __...,
Two types of stenosis that can ha...,
T f fibromuscular dysplasia is of...
15
cards
Erectile Dysfunction
5 key etiologies of ed,
Peyronies disease,
Risk factors for ed
15
cards
Adrenal Physiology
Outline the regulation of adrenal...,
Outline the affect of cortisol on...,
Why is hyponatremia seen in adren...
27
cards
Neoplasia of Testes and Scrotal Mass
Most common malignancy in med age...,
For testicular germ cell tumors t...,
Risk factors for testicular germ ...
16
cards
Urine Microscopy
Urine analysis is composed of two...,
Urine dip detects blood from thre...,
Type of protein that can be detec...
16
cards
Newborn Disorders of Sexual Development
Which gene determines the gonadal...,
Role of leydig and sertoli cells ...,
How is dsd classified 3 classes
16
cards
Delayed Puberty
Normal puberty,
Outline how the sequence of norma...,
Definition of delayed puberty in ...
17
cards
Precocious Puberty
Definition of precocious puberty,
3 hypothalamic gnrh independent p...,
Variations of normal puberty
28
cards
Pediatric Panhypopituitarism
Most common pituitary torpic horm...,
How is bone age affected by gh de...,
When is gh most released
22
cards
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MDCN 380: Course 4
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