- legal documentation---court or for treatment progress/outcomes - communication---patient education/ dental labs -Portfolios---educational/presentations

- eyes are blocked out - Pixellating, but if patient is identifiable then must block out or try something else - Patients can revoke consent

- recall what has happened - work out dispute - look for potential pitfalls - everyone on same page

- History - Clinical Exam - Radiology - Assessment/DX - Treatment Plan - Treatment - Prescription

- measures statistics to assess body functions - temperature, pulse, BP, and resp rate - gives a baseline

study of health and disease states in population heredity behavior physical social

1-5 Flashcards by Zainab Afzal

Why use photography

legal documentation—court or for treatment progress/outcomes
communication—patient education/ dental labs

-Portfolios—educational/presentations

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1-Implied Consent
2-Express Consent
3-Informed Consent

1-sufficient when getting information to provide healthcare w/in circle of care—describing oral lesion
2-be obtained when you share personal info for purposes other than health care–presentations
3-to take and use photos

verbally- w/ note in chart—is fine if its for documentation for patients treatment only
signature—when for purposes besides personal health

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HIPAA & Photography

eyes are blocked out
Pixellating, but if patient is identifiable then must block out or try something else
Patients can revoke consent

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When Documenting make sure…

clean mirrors
no fog
saliva free area
position patient, retractors, and mirrors properly
dont alter the photo

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Front Surface Mirrors

avoids double image
reflective surface is at surface
non front= reflective surface is beneath glass

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left- full arch
middle- wide buccal
right- narrow buccal

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1-Retractor Cleaning
2- Mirror Cleaning

1-autoclaved
2-wiped w/ soap, dry w/ towel, wrap in towel, autoclave…no sterilization solutions

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1-Relxed Facial Image
2-profile

1-inter pupillary line/incisal plane
2-center of frame is approximately 1 cm anterior to tragus

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-Front Maximum Intercuspation

unilateral retractors
photograph behind patient
photos = inverted

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Front Maximum Intercuspation

Bilateral retractors
photographer is in front of patient

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1- Maxillary Arch
2- Mandibular Arch

1-photographer behind patient w/ bilateral retractors
2-tongue is position in back of the mirror, photographer is in front w/ bilateral retractors

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L & R Lateral in occlusion

-photographer on contra lateral side of quadrant, focus in mirror…use a bilateral but uni retractor is preferred

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Patient Record

recall what has happened
work out dispute
look for potential pitfalls
everyone on same page

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Adv of electronic health records

legible
customized views
quality/convenient
patient participation
accuracy of diagnoses
care coordination
cost saving
quick retrieval

-organized + less paper

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Disadv of Health Record

significant start up costs
less patient time
little compatibility of different systems

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Disadv to checkbox history

patients might not understand questions
patient goes through it too quick
dentist may look for positive response and thats it
no in depthness

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Patient Assessment

History
Clinical Exam
Radiology
Assessment/DX
Treatment Plan
Treatment
Prescription

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Vital Signs

measures statistics to assess body functions
temperature, pulse, BP, and resp rate
gives a baseline

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Treating Minors

-minor = anyone under 18
exceptions= minor is pregnant, is married, emancipated, is an emergency

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Epidemiology

study of health and disease states in population

heredity
behavior
physical
social

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1-prevalance

2-Incidence
3- Index
4-Caries / Wars

Study These Flashcards

1- # of individuals w/ disease in population at specific point of time
2- #of individuals in pop who experience new disease during specific period of time
3-standard of rating a disease on scale w/ upper and lower limits
4- = rejection from service: 1914 + 1939

DMF Index

Study These Flashcards

D= decayed
M= missed

F= filled
DMFT= denotes decay, mising, filled teeth
DMFS= denotes decay, missing, filled surface

Contributing Factors to Caries

Study These Flashcards

tooth
bacteria in biofilm
time

-diet

Bacterial Infection

Study These Flashcards

unerupted teeth dont develop from caries
Strep Mutan and Lactobacilli

Diet

-Critical pH= 5.5 stephens curve -

Physiological Equilibrium of Caries

- local environment of teeth - Dynamics - Demin/Remin process - continous exchange of minerals between surface/biofilm saliva - imbalance in equilibrium

Initial Carious Process

- bacterial acids dissolve tooth structures=loss of minerals - subsurface porosities= inital white spot lesion

Carious Lesions/Time

-Chronic ---also because of environment/personal factors

Preventative Caries

Minimize- bad bacteria, acids, and (sugars) Maximize- awareness, environment, fluoride, saliva

Caries Stats

- 25% of population experience 75% of disease - increase in less developed countries - epidemic in emerging country - --inc in caries when dec in income

Caries---summary

* Multi-factorial * Bacterial driven * Chronic * Imbalance in physiologic equilibrium * Dynamic * LifestyleAssociated/ Behavioral * Mostly preventable * Highly prevalent

Tooth changes due to environment, habit, or systemic

- alter morphology of erupted teeth - brushes abrade, teeth grind, acids erod - --combination or overlap

1-Abrasion 2-Attrition 3-Erosion

1-tooth brush, oral piercings, tobacco use 2-bruxism (grinding), food/diet 3-extrinsic/intrinsic

Abrasion Effects

- physical wearing away of tooth by objects other than food and the opposing dentition - vshaped notched at cervical (also gingival recession) or isolate notech on incisal/occlusal - can lead to dentin hypersensitivity

Abrasion Causes

- toothbrushing w/ hard bristle - abrasive dentifrice (toothpaste) - parafunctional---use teeth for other things (tooth pick, as a tool) - nail biting - oral piercings - tobacco

Oral Piercing Abrasion

parafunctional abrasion

toothbrushing abrasion

Tobacco Abrasion

Abrasion prevention/treatment

- use soft bristled brush - good toothpaste, dentifrice - fluoride - tobacco prevention - counseling against piercing - remove piercings

Attrition

- Physical wearing away of tooth structure due to **tooth on tooth** contact or during **mastication** of foods - Bruxism= soreness with TMJ, headaches, broken teeth, + gingival recession * proximal contacts can be worn away

Attrition Bruxism

- stress reduction - Occlusal guard - botox injections

Attrition---Bruxism

Attrition- Bruxism

Diet Related Attrition

Attrition Prevention/Treatment

- Bruxism=stress reduction, occlusal guard, change in medication - food= change in diet, change in handling of food, and source of food

Erosion Effects

- loss of tooth structure by dissolution - teeth were dentin has been exposed by abrasion or attrition may have erosion - "cupping"---appearance of soft dentin eroding faster than enamel - restorations that are resistant to erosion than surrounding tooth= rising out - dentin hypersensitivity

Erosion

Erosion Causes

- Extrinsically---soft drinks (carbonated), fruit juice, sports drinks, vinegar, wine, work environment - intrinsic---regurgitation, vomiting

Erosion Dynamics

- salivary pellicle---protective function against acid - pellicle= physical and chemical barrier - Ca and P in pellicle buffer the acids and replace mineral lost - when protective system is overwhelmed= dissoltion

Erosion from intrinsic Acid ---from vomiting, usually on lingual surface= translucent

Erosion Prevention/Treatment

- Reduce consumption of erosive fluids - dont brush until after 30 min - avoide erosive environ - Bulimia - drinking water - fluoride

1-5 Flashcards

(52 cards)