3.2.3 Cardiomyopathies

Question 1

What is being circled in this image?

Answer 1

Non caseating granulomas

Question 2

What are 4 diseases that can present with myocardial involvement?

Answer 2

Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis, Storage diseases, and Idiopathic

Question 3

What is cardiomegaly?

Answer 3

Increase in cardiac weight or size

Question 4

What is amyloidosis?

Answer 4

It leads to cardiomegaly, and is an amyloid infiltrate. Typicall presents with right sided failure

Question 5

What is this an image of

Answer 5

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 6

What are these stains associated with?

Answer 6

Cardiac amyloidosis

Left - Congo Red Stain

RIght - Apple Green birefringence

Question 7

What is the gross pathology associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 7

Cardiomegaly, dilation of the ventricles, mural thrombi.

Question 8

What is a cardiomyopathy?

Answer 8

Myocardial disease with obscure etiology, often genetic and acquired factors.

Question 9

What are some risk factors associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are these images associated with?

Answer 10

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Left - septal wall hypertrophy

Question 11

What are the clinical features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 11

Question 13

What is sarcoidosis?

Answer 13

Generalized granulomatous disease. Presenting with non-caseating granulomas and fibrosis

Question 14

What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 14

Group of diseases in which myocardial or endocardial abnorms limit diastolic filling.

Question 15

These are images of microfiber disarray

Answer 15

LOOK AT THEM!

Question 16

What is the difference between endomyocardial fibrosis, Loeffler endocarditis, and endocardial fibroelastosis?

Answer 16

Question 17

What are some of the gross pathological features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 17

Cardiomegaly

Septal hypertrophy

Obstructive pattern

LV thickened wall

Question 18

How do you treat dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 18

Transplant

Question 19

What are some causes of secondary dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 19

Question 20

These images are associated with what?

Answer 20

Endomyocardial diseases

Question 21

What is the difference between the image on the left and right?

Answer 21

The left is normal

Right is dilated cardiomyopathy - atrophy and fibrosis

Question 22

What is the gross pathology of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 22

Question 23

If one family member has hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, why would it be important to tell other family members?

Answer 23

This disease has a fairly strong genetic correlation. These include genes encoding sarcomere proteins

Question 24

What will electron microscopy reveal in dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 24

Increased mitochondria and loss of sarcomeres.

Question 25

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 25

Left or biventricular dilation, impaired contractility and can eventually lead to congestive heart failure.

Question 26

What is this an image of? What is the significance of the area that the arrow is pointing to?

Answer 26

This is dilated cardiomyopathy. It is fibrous. The area the arrow is pointing to is where a mural thrombi would appear.

Question 27

What is a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 27

Left or biventricular hypertrophy. Asymmetric (septal hypertrophy). Can be obstructive.