Lab 2 Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Which parts of the alimentary canal are intraperitoneal and which are retroperitoneal?

A

Intra: stomach, jejunum and ileum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, Retro: Duodenum,
ascending colon, descending colon, rectum.

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2
Q

When the anterior abdominal wall is opened, and the contents of this cavity can readily be viewed, what “sac” have you entered?

A

the grater sac

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3
Q

Placing the fingers through the epiploic foramen you have entered which sac? Additionally describe the boundaries of the epiploic foramen.

A

lesser sac

anteriorly: hepatoduodenal ligament and portal triad
posteriorly: the IVC and right crus of the diaphragm
superiorly: the liver
inferiorly: superior part of the duodenum

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4
Q

What is “THE mesentery”?

A

The mesentery is a large fold of peritoneum arising from the posterior abdominal wall that
envelopes the small intestine and its vessels.

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5
Q

How, in terms of structure and location, do the greater and lesser omenti differ?

A

The greater omentum is an apron of peritoneum that hangs from the greater curvature of the
stomach and the transverse colon.
The lesser omentum is a double fold of peritoneum that attaches the lesser curvature of the
stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver.

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6
Q

Which of the primary arteries supplying the GI system arises most superiorly and supplies the upper GI? What are its three initial branches?

A

Celiac trunk: common hepatic, left gastric, splenic

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7
Q

Which of the primary arteries supplying the GI system arises most inferiorly, supplying the descending colon and superior rectum? What are its primary named branches?

A

Inferior mesenteric: Left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal

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8
Q

Which of the primary arteries supplying the GI system supplies the small intestine and cecum and ascending and transverse colon? What are its primary named branches?

A

Superior mesenteric: middle colic, right colic, and ileocolic

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9
Q

Describe the course of blood from the celiac trunk to the liver naming all arteries used along its course.

A

Celiac trunk - common hepatic - proper hepatic - right and left hepatic

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10
Q

Describe the course of blood from the celiac trunk to the stomach, naming all arteries used along its course.

A

Celiac trunk - left gastric
Celiac trunk - splenic - left gastro-omental
Celiac trunk - common hepatic - gastroduodenal - right gastro-omental

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11
Q

Which vessels converge to form the portal vein?

A

Splenic and superior mesenteric (occasionally the inferior mesenteric too)

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12
Q

Caput medusae are caused by what portion of the portocaval anastomotic system?

A

Portal vein - paraumbilical - to SVC, IVC, and azygous

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13
Q

What are the two primary types of hiatal hernia and how do they differ anatomically?

A

Sliding and paraesphageal. The former can include all or a portion of total stomach, the latter
involves only the fundus.

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14
Q

Which parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal and which are intraparitoneal?

A

Superior and ascending are intraperitoneal, the descending and inferior are retroperitoneal.

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15
Q

What are the primary differences in anatomy and vasculature of the jejunum and ileum?

A

jejunum: short arcades, long vasa recta, dense complete plicae circulares
ileum: longer arcades, short vasa recta, less dense, incomplete plicae circulares

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16
Q

What are the primary anatomical components of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal.

17
Q

What are the primary anatomical features that distinguish the large, from the small intestine?

A

The large intestine exhibits taenia coli, epiploic appendices, haustrae, and semilunar folds.

18
Q

The liver is composed of how many lobes and what are their names?

A

Left and right, quadrate and caudate

19
Q

Describe the round, falciform and coronary ligaments of the liver, and where necessary what they are embryological remnants of?

A

Falciform ligament is a peritoneal reflection off the anterior abdominal wall with the round
ligament in its margin.
The round ligament contains the obliterated umbilical vein.
The ligamentum venosum is a remnant of the ductus venosus.
Coronary ligaments are reflexions of peritoneum from the liver to the diaphragm

20
Q

How does bile move through the bile duct system for both storage and secretion?

A

Right and left hepatic duct - common hepatic duct - cystic duct - common bile duct