Female and Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What plexus is made up of pelvic plexus(es); rectal, prostatic, vesicle, uterovaginal, etc; and has sympathetics, parasympathetics, and afferents

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

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2
Q

In females, the muscular tube located between the bladder and rectum and inferior to the uterus is called what?

A

vagina

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3
Q

How long is the vagina?

A

about 8cm long

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4
Q

What does the vagina open through?

A

the perineal membrane into the vestibule

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5
Q

What muscle supports the vagina?

A

the pubovaginalis part of the levator ani muscle

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6
Q

What membrane supports the vagina?

A

perineal membrane

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7
Q

Where does the urethra begin in females?

A

internal urethral orifice of the bladder

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8
Q

Describe the path of the urethra

A

passes through the external urethral sphincter, perineal membrane, then through the perineum and vestibule

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9
Q

True or false?

The vagina is between the bladder and rectum

A

true

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10
Q

The superior part of the vagina surrounds what?

A

the cervix of the uterus

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11
Q

This device is used to exams the uterine tubes or ovaries

A

culdoscopy

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12
Q

This procedure is used to aspirate fluid from the rectouterine pouch

A

culdocentesis

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13
Q

The ureter passes inferior to what artery along the lateral sides of the uterus

A

uterine artery

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14
Q

Uterine arteries enter the sides of the uterus through which ligament

A

broad ligament

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15
Q

Branches of the uterine artery ascend and descend to anastomose with what?

A

vaginal aa and ovarian aa

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16
Q

Name the following female structure:

pear-shaped, hollow, muscular, and mobile

A

uterus

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17
Q

uterine tubes transport the ___ to the uterus (about 10cm)

A

ovum

18
Q

True or false?

The distal ends of the uterine tubes are closed to the peritoneum

A

false; open

19
Q

The ___ of the uterus is normally anteverted and anteflexed

A

fundus

20
Q

The ___ of the uterus is angled anteriorly (relative to the vagina) and the top of the ___ “flexes” anteriorly over the bladder

A

axis; fundus

21
Q

If the uterus is not anteverted and anteflexed, increased intra-abdominal pressure can push the uterus ____

A

inferiorly

note: contributes to prolapse of uterus

22
Q

The ___ ligament of the uterus is a double layer of peritoneum that “drapes” over the uterus and associated structures

A

broad

23
Q

The broad ligament also encloses the ___ ligament of the uterus as it extends from the anterior-lateral part of the uterus to the deep inguinal ring

A

round

24
Q

___ ___ ligaments are condensations of endopelvic fascia that support the uterus

A

transverse cervical

25
Q

Transverse cervical ligaments attach to the ___ sides of the uterus and vagina

A

lateral

26
Q

What vessels and nerves run through or along the transverse cervical ligaments?

A

uterine

27
Q

___ ligaments are also condensations of endopelvic fascia that extend from the sides of the cervix to the sacrum

A

uterosacral

28
Q

What two structures are extremely important in preventing prolapse of pelvic structures?

A

levator ani muscle; perineal body

29
Q

___ are located near the attachment of the broad ligament to the lateral pelvic wall

A

ovaries

30
Q

Ovaries are suspended from the lateral pelvic wall by the ___ ligament of the ovary which contains ovarian aa, vv, nn, and lymphatics

A

suspensory

31
Q

The inferior part of the vagina is innervated by what?

A

somatic branches from the internal pudenda n.

32
Q

The middle and superior parts of the vagina and the uterus are innervated by what?

A

visceral nn: uterovaginal plexus, sympathetics from lumbar splanchnics, parasympathetics from pelvic splanchnic S2, S3, S4

33
Q

What is an anesthetic agent that is injected into the subarachnoid space between L3 and L4 called?

A

spinal block

34
Q

Can uterine contractions be felt after a spinal block?

A

no

35
Q

Can uterine contractions be felt after a pudendal nerve block?

A

yes

36
Q

What type of block must also be performed in order to abolish sensation in the anterior volva?

A

ilioinguinal block

note: sometimes a posterior femoral cutaneous nerve block may also be necessary

37
Q

These glands found in males are superior to perineal membrane, and are embedded within sphincter urethrae

A

bulbourethral glands

38
Q

Bulbourethral glands in the male open into what part of the urethra?

A

spongy urethra

39
Q

True or false?

The bulbourethral glands in the male are responsible for mucus-like secretions that lubricate the urethra

A

true

40
Q

In regards to lymphatics of the pelvis (male), the prostate drains primarily to which nodes?

A

internal iliac nodes

41
Q

In regards to lymphatics of the pelvis (male), the bladder drains primary to which nodes?

A

external iliac nodes

42
Q

In regards to lymphatics of the pelvis (male), the perineal structures drain primarily to which nodes?

A

superficial inguinal nodes