ADME

Question 1

Response of drug is fucntion of this

Answer 1

concentration of drug at the receptor site

Question 2

plasma concnetraion above this level will produce an effect

Answer 2

Minimum Effective Concentration

Question 3

factors that controll the concentration and duration of action

Answer 3

Absorption, Distribution, Extent and rate of transformation, metabolism and excretion

Question 4

moves things down elerctrochemical gradient

Answer 4

passive diffusion, facilitation diffusion

Question 5

transfer that does not require energy

Answer 5

passive diffusion

Question 6

transfe that does not saturate

Answer 6

passive diffusion,

Question 7

transfer that can saturate

Answer 7

facilitated and active transport

Question 8

transport of large ionized water soluble molecules

Answer 8

active transport

Question 9

transport in which driving force is hydrostatic or osmotic pressure difference

Answer 9

filtration

Question 10

transfer that can be selective or non-selective

Answer 10

endocytosis

Question 11

transfer selective and inhibited by closely related chemicals

Answer 11

facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 12

defintion of secondary energy

Answer 12

coupled to another compounds electrochemical gradient

Question 13

most common transporter fo this family is p-glycoprotein (MDR1)

Answer 13

ABC (ATP binding-cassette) superfamily

Question 14

supefamily that moves substances in and out of cells

Answer 14

SLC (solute carrier) superfamily

Question 15

process by which a drug moves from site of administration fo plasma

Answer 15

absorption

Question 16

how most drugs are absorbed

Answer 16

passive diffusion

Question 17

disadvantages of oral drugs

Answer 17

destroyed by stomach, first pass metabolism, veriable absorption rate

Question 18

measure of the fraction of an adminsterd dose that is absorbed into circulation

Answer 18

bioavailability

Question 19

things that alter bioavailability

Answer 19

disintegration rate, dissolution rate, solubiliyt, coating

Question 20

disadvantages of iv drugs

Answer 20

overdose, cannot take back, usnutibale for chronic, dmaage to tissue

Question 21

disadvante of topical drugs

Answer 21

local only, large surface area may produce system/toxic response

Question 22

proces by which drug moves from the plasma to other sites in the body

Answer 22

distribution

Question 23

factors that affect distribution

Answer 23

tissue perfusion rates, plasma protein binding, partitioning between plasma and tissue

Question 24

perfusion rate in muscles

Answer 24

intermediate

Question 25

effect of drug bound to plasma

Answer 25

cannot cross pm, reduces [free], inert, cannot be filtered by kidney

Question 26

effect of tisssue proteins

Answer 26

compete with binding proteins in plasma

Question 27

defintion of volume of distribution

Answer 27

Vd = total amount in body/total concentration in plasma

Question 28

mechanisms for terminating drug action

Answer 28

stoarge, excretion, biotransformation

Question 29

redistribution phase in which drug distributes to tissue wth low flows

Answer 29

second phase

Question 30

transport used for reabsorption

Answer 30

facilitated transport and passive diffusion

Question 31

renal clearence defintion

Answer 31

CLr = CuVu/Cp

Question 32

when elimiated drugs are reabsorbed

Answer 32

enterohepatic circulation

Question 33

biotransformation usually does this to the polarity

Answer 33

more polar

Question 34

biotransformation may also do these things

Answer 34

produce and active or inactive drug, maybe required to activate a drug

Question 35

Describe pahse 1 Rxn

Answer 35

funtional group added via oxidation, metabolite more polar and water solubel, metabolit less active

Question 36

Describe a phase 2 reaction

Answer 36

sythetic conjugation addes large molecule, glucuronidation, drug inactivated

Question 37

Common sites of biotranformation

Answer 37

liver (VIP), GI tract kidney, lung, skin, SER - phase II