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Chemistry AS Unit 2 > Alcohols And Halogenoalkanes > Flashcards

Alcohols And Halogenoalkanes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a secondary alcohol?

A

To carbon atoms attached to the carbon that is joined to the hydroxide group

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2
Q

What is a tertiary alcohol?

A

Carbon attached to hydroxide group is attached to 3 other carbon atoms

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3
Q

What is a primary alcohol?

A

To hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon join to the hydroxide group

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4
Q

What is produced when alcohols are completely combusted?

A

Carbon dioxide

Water

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5
Q

What is the equation for when sodium reacts with ethanol?

A

2Na(s) + 2C(2)H(5)OH (l) –> 2CH3CH2O-,Na+ (alc) + H2 (g)

Sodium ethnocide (dissolved in ethanol)

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6
Q

What can the reaction between phosphorus five chloride and an alcohol be used as a test for?

A

Qualitative of test for the hydroxide group as hydrogen chloride gas is given off

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7
Q

What is the equation for the reaction between phosphorus chloride and ethanol?

A

C2H5OH + PCl5(s) –> C2H5Cl(l) + POCl3(l) + HCl

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8
Q

What is produced when a primary alcohol is oxidised?

A

An aldehyde which can be fully oxidised form a carboxylic acid

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9
Q

What is the colour change when a primary alcohol is a oxidised?

A

Orange to green

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10
Q

What can be used to oxidise alcohols?

A

Concentrated sulphuric acid

Na2Cr2O7

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11
Q

What is produced when a secondary alcohol is oxidised?

A

Ketone (propanone)

Double C=O bond in middle

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12
Q

What is produced when a tertiary alcohol is oxidised?

A

Not meant to be oxidised by common oxidising agents

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13
Q

What equipment must do use to oxidise a primary alcohol?

A

Reflux

Distillation

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14
Q

What equipment must be used to prepare a ketone from a secondary alcohol?

A

They have different boiling points which allows you to collect them as different samples

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15
Q

What is a primary halogenoalkane?

A

One carbon atom bonded to the carbon atom carrying the halogen

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16
Q

What is a secondary halogenoalkane?

A

To carbon atoms attached to the carbon atom with the halogen

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17
Q

What is a tertiary have halogenoalkane?

A

The carbon bonds it to the halogen attached are three other carbon atoms

18
Q

How do you name halogenoalkanes?

A

DuPont
Rightmost digit: number of fluorine atom is per molecule
Tens digit: 1+ the number of hydrogen atoms
Hundred digit: number of carbon atoms -1
Thousands digit: number of double bonds in the molecule
Unaccounted for bonds occupied by chlorine atoms
Suffix of a B or C indicating unbalanced isomers

19
Q

What sort of reaction is do halogenoalkanes generally undergo?

A

Substitution visit occasionally elimination

Flooring compounds are very stable say rarely undergo any reaction

20
Q

What is the general equation for A hydrolysis reaction with a halogenoalkane?

A

The hydroxide group substitutes for the halogen
RX +H2O –> ROH + HX
RX + OH- –> ROH + X-

21
Q

How do you speed up the hydrolysis reaction with a halogenoalkane?

A

The reaction with water is slow at room temperature but is more rapid with hydroxide ions

22
Q

What is the order of reactivity of the halogenoalkanes? Why?

A

Chloroalkanes are less reactive than Bromoalkanes are Iodoalkanes as the C – CL bond is much stronger, showing strength is more important than electronegativity

23
Q

What is alcoholic potassium hydroxide?

A

When potassium hydroxide is dissolved in ethanol

24
Q

What sort of reaction occurs between alcoholic potassium hydroxide and a halogenoalkane?

A

Elimination

A molecule of hydrogen halide is eliminated from the molecule forming an alkane as a product

25
Q

Give an sample of the reaction between an alcoholic potassium hydroxide and a halogen alkane

A

CH3BrCH3 + OH- –> CH2CH2 + H20 + Br-

26
Q

How must be reaction between a halogen alkane and alcoholic potassium hydroxide be carried out?

A

Refluxed and heated

27
Q

How alcoholic ammonia act when it reacts with a halogenoalkane?

A

Nucleophile due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, allowing them to easily replace a halogen atom

28
Q

Under what conditions must reaction between a halogenoalkane and alcoholic ammonia be carried out?

A

With concentrated ammonia in ethanol in a sealed tube

If done in reflux the ammonia would it escape at the condenser as it doesn’t condense

29
Q

Give an example of the reaction between alcoholic ammonia and a halogenoalkane

A

CH3I + NH3 –> CH3NH2(methylamine) + HI

Methylamine has a lone pair so reacts further

30
Q

What does the result of the reaction between an alcoholic ammonia and a halogen alkane confirm?

A

The rate of hydrolysis of the halogens

1-chlorobutane

31
Q

Describe an experiment that can be used to test the effect of the carbon skeleton in halogenoalkane

A

Three test tubes, containing either primary secondary or territory
Add 1 cm³ of silver nitrate
Add 1 cm³ of ethanol as a solvent
Leave them to stand after shaking

32
Q

What are the results of the reaction testing the carbon skeleton on a halogenalkane?

A

Primary

33
Q

How do you prepare a halogenoalkane from an alcohol?

A

With sodium bromide, water and concentrated sulphuric acid
Refluxed- sulphuric acid is added one drop at a time as the reaction is exothermic, the flask is also cooled using a beaker of cold water
Distilled- produces two layers and aqueous layer discarded

34
Q

What is the equation for preparing a halogenoalkane from an alcohol?

A

NaBr + H2SO4 –> NaHSO4 + HBr

CH3CH2OH + HBr –> CH3CH2Br + H20

35
Q

What properties are desirable in a refrigerant?

A

Not flammable, Not toxic, Unreactive, non-corrosive
(easily) compressible
does not harm the ozone layer
Boiling temperature below target temperature
high heat of vaporization high gas density
high critical temperature

36
Q

How is the bonding in gaseous hydrogen halides best described?

A

Mainly covalent with an increasing tendency to wards ionic as you go up the group

37
Q

Why is no chlorine produced when concentrated sulphuric in acid is added to solid sodium chloride yet bromine produced when added go sodium bromide?

A

The chlorine ion is a weaker reducing agent and the bromine ion

38
Q

When extracting iodine from an aqueous a solution in a separating funnel, which layer is the hydrocarbon layer?

A

Top

39
Q

What colour is chlorine water?

A

Pale yellow

40
Q

What is the colour of the solution when chlorine water is added to potassium iodide solution?

A

Red/brown

Chemistry AS Unit 2 (13 decks)

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