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Theme 2: Sensory input and motor outputs > Anatomy and function of the basal ganglia > Flashcards

Anatomy and function of the basal ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical parts of the basal ganglia

A

Caudate nucleus

Thalamus

Putamen

Globus pallidus

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2
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Split into pars externa and pars interna

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3
Q

Pallidum

A

Globus pallidus internal and external

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4
Q

Lentiform nucleus

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

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5
Q

Corpus striatum

A

Caudate

Putamen

Pallidum

Divided by internal capsule

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6
Q

Neostriatum

A

Caudate and putamen

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7
Q

Motor loop

A

Motor, premotor, somatosensory cortex

Putamen

Lateral globus pallidus, internal segment

Ventral lateral and ventral anterior nucleus

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8
Q

Oculomotor loop

A

Posterior parietal, prefrontal cortex

Caudate (body)

Globus pallidus, internal segment substantia nigra

Mediodorsal and ventral anterior nuclei

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9
Q

Prefrontal loop

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Anterior caudate

Globus pallidus, internal segment, substantia nigra

Mediodorsal and ventral anterior nuclei

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10
Q

Limbic loop

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, temporal cortex

Ventral striatum

Ventral pallidum

Mediodorsal nucleus

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11
Q

Excitatory

A

Glutamate

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12
Q

Inhibitory

A

GABA

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13
Q

The direct pathway

A

Cortex -> excitatory

Striatum -> inhibitory

GPi -> inhibitory

Thalamus -> excitatory

Cortex

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14
Q

The indirect pathway

A

Cortex -> excitatory

Striatum -> inhibitory

GPe -> inhibitory

STN -> excitatory

GPi -> inhibitory

Thalamus -> excitatory

Cortex

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15
Q

The hyperdirect pathway

A

Cortex -> excitatory

STN -> excitatory

GPi -> inhibitory

Thalamus -> excitatory

Cortex

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16
Q

Pathways conundrum: transmitters

A

2 populations of striatum cells

Specialised dopamin receptors

17
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Releases dopamine

18
Q

Striatum neurons and dopamine

A

Direct D1

Indirect D2

Causes release of DA which tips pathway towards promotion of movement

19
Q

Striatum neurons and acetylcholine

A

ACh opposes effects of DA

Tips pathway towards prevention of movement

20
Q

Pathway balance

A

Balance of activity between 2 medium spiny neurone populations determines likelihood of movement

Balance regulated by dopamine and acetylcholine

Influenced by cortical inputs to striatum

Theme 2: Sensory input and motor outputs (11 decks)

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