Biological Micromolecules

Question 1

Macromolecules

Answer 1

Large number of atoms bonded together. Serve as sensors, transporters, regulators, builders, information warehouses, energy storehouses, and structural components of cells and bodies. Function depends on its shape.

Question 2

How much of the body is made of macromolecules?

Answer 2

25%

Question 3

What are the 3 classes of monomer maromolecules?

Answer 3

ploysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 4

T or F: every macromolecule is a polymer - a substance compesed of similar units bonded together

Answer 4

True!

Question 5

Monomers

Answer 5

Repeating unit of a polymer Molecules that bond to similar or identical molecules

Question 6

Polysaccharides

Answer 6

Carbohydrate polymers made of many sugar molecules held by coalent bonds

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

Molecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds ( type of covalent bond)

Question 8

Nucleic acids

Answer 8

Long molecules made of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)

Question 9

Covalent bond

Answer 9

Chemical bond that shares electron pairs between atoms

Question 10

How are covalent bonds formed?

Answer 10

Requires energy input, usually b y removal of phosphate from APT or similar high energy molecule. Sometimes drives out a water molecule

Question 11

Dehydration reaction/condensation reaction

Answer 11

When a water molecule is pushed out to form a covalent bond, polymers are built by this

Question 12

What type of bond makes the shape, structure, and function of a macromolecule?

Answer 12

Noncovalent

Question 13

Hydrolosis reaction

Answer 13

Lysing of covalent bonds by bonding water to break down a polymer into a monomer i.e. gycogen to glucose

Question 14

How many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 14

20

Question 15

Protein subunit

Answer 15

A folded chain of proteins that don’t function until it is bonded with other subunits i.e. hemoglobin is made of 4 separate subunits

Question 16

Enzyme

Answer 16

A protein that reduces the activation energy of a chemical reation

Question 17

Name some examples of protein cells in the body

Answer 17

Hemoglobin, ion channels, tendons, antibodies

Question 18

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Answer 18

Essential for converting information stored in DNA into proteins

Question 19

Are lipids polymers?

Answer 19

No, they are not because they cannot be formed by a covalent bond, they are hydrophobic

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

Phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids -cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen

Question 21

Whats the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules?

Answer 21

Saturated are made of single bonded carbon atoms. Unsaturated have a double bond between 2 carbon atoms causing a kink