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Haematology > Bleeding disorders > Flashcards

Bleeding disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of infection usually preceded henoch schonlein purpura?

A

GI infection

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2
Q

Wat autoimmune condition causes peripheral platelet destruction?

A

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

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3
Q

Give three causes of peripheral platelet destruction?

A

Coagulopathy
Autoimmune
Hypersplenisa

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4
Q

Where are platelets broken down?

A

Spleen

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5
Q

What is the most common cause of a platelet function disorder?

A

Drus - Aspirin, NSAIDs Clopidogrel (Stop platelets aggregating
Renal failure

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6
Q

What is the genetic pattern of von willebrand factor deficiency?

A

Autosomal dominant
Type 1 = low numbers
Type 2 = non functioning von willebrand factor
Type 3 = no von willebrand factor

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7
Q

What are the three types of von willebrand factor deficiency?

A

Type 1 = low numbers
Type 2 = non functioning von willebrand factor
Type 3 = no von willebrand factor

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8
Q

If you have no von willebrand factor then what factor will you also be deficient in?

A

Factor 8

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9
Q

What drug is useful for nosebleed etc seen in haemostatic problems?

A

Transexemic acid = stabilised fibrin clot

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10
Q

What factor is missing is haemophilia A?

A

Factor 8

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11
Q

What factor is missing is haemophilia B?

A

9

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12
Q

Where are all clotting factors made?

A

Liver

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13
Q

What is the significance of low albumin in bleeding disorders?

A

If the albumin low then the liver probably isn’t making other clotting factors - liver failure is the most likely underlying cause

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14
Q

In multiple factor deficiencies what will the PT and APPT be like?

A

Both prolonged

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15
Q

Which factors are carboxylated by vitamin K?

A

2, 7, 9 and 10

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16
Q

How do you get most of you vitamin K?

A

Synthesis by intestinal bacteria

17
Q

What are babies injected with just after birth to protect against bleeding?

A

Vitamin K

18
Q

What is DIC?

A

Excessive and inappropriate activation of the haemostatic system
(Primary, secondary and fibronolysis)

19
Q

Why do you get end organ failure in DIC?

A

Microvascular thrmobus formation

20
Q

Why do you get bleeding in DIC?

A

They have used up all their clotting factors causing

21
Q

If the PT and APPT are both prolonged what is the most likely cause?

A

Problem with multiple clotting factors

22
Q

Why do you get high D dimer level in DIC?

A

D dimer levels rise when there is an excess of fibrinolysis, as seen in DIC

23
Q

What is the most common cause of DIC?

A

Sepsis - meningococcal sepsis

24
Q

Give 4 causes of DIC

A

Sepsis

Obstetric emergencies

25
Q

What clotting substance is the placenta very high in?

A

Thromboplastin

26
Q

What does thromboplastin do?

A

Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

27
Q

What is the treatment of DIC?

A

Treat underlying cause

28
Q

What three things can you give in DIC whilst trying to fix the underlying cause?

A
  • Platelets
  • Plasma
  • Fibrinogen
29
Q

What is the genetic inheritence pattern of haemophiilia?

A

X linked

30
Q

Which of the haemophillia is more common?

A

Hameophillia A

31
Q

Why isn’t minor trauma a problem to hameophillia?

A

Platelets are fine - platelet plug formation is normal but formation of a fibrin clot is not.

32
Q

When do you get excess bleeding in hameophelia?

A

Severe trauma or surgery

33
Q

What vessels are affected mostly in haemophillia?

A

Medium and Large blood vesses.

34
Q

What is the prothrombin time like in hameophillia?

A

Normal

35
Q

What is the APPT like in haemophillia?

A

Very high

36
Q

What is abnormal in haemophillia - PT or APPT?

A

APPT is very high

PT is normal

37
Q

What is the treatment for haemophillia?

A

IV factor given every second day

Haematology (21 decks)

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