Curvatures of the Column: Normal Curvatures Flashcards Preview

Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 > Curvatures of the Column: Normal Curvatures > Flashcards

Flashcards in Curvatures of the Column: Normal Curvatures Deck (23)
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1
Q

What embryonic event causes the direction of the posterior curve of the vertebral column?

A

the embryonic disc will undergo flexion in a cranial to caudal direction

2
Q

Why is the posterior curve also called the primary curve?

A

it is the first curve to appear embryologicaly

3
Q

What are the adult remnants of the promary curve along the vertebral column?

A

the thoracic and dorsal curve and the pelvic or sacrococcygeal curve

4
Q

What are the names given to curves that form during development to reverse the direction of regions along the vertebral column?

A

anterior curve, secondary curve, compensatory curve

5
Q

What are the names of the anterior curves, secondary curves, and compensatory curves?

A

cervical curve and lumbar curve

6
Q

What segmental levels form the cervical curve?

A

C2-T1

7
Q

What segmental levels form the lumbar curve?

A

T12-L5

8
Q

What is the earliest time of appearance of the cervical curve?

A

the third fetal month

9
Q

What is the traditional time of appearannce of the cervical curve said to be?

A

during the last trimester in utero

10
Q

What is the time during which the “adult” cervical curve is said to appear?

A

within the first year after birth

11
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical spine?

A
  1. center for vision and equilibrium will appear in the brain
  2. musculature attaching to the skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develops
  3. the head is held upright
  4. the intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior
12
Q

At what age will the infant begin to hold the head erect?

A

usually between the third and fourth month after birth

13
Q

What is the name givento the integration of visual andmotor pathways associated with holding the head erect?

A

the righting reflex

14
Q

What is the location for the apex of the cervical curve?

A

typically between C4-C5

15
Q

What is the location for the cervical kyphoysis?

A

between occiput and C1

16
Q

What is the vertebral relationship between the cervical curve and cervical enlargment?

A

cervical curve C2-T1; cervical enlargement C3-T1

17
Q

What infant activites are associated with the development of the lumbar curve?

A

crawling and walking

18
Q

Whar developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve?

A
  1. crawling will cause the abdomen to put tension onthe lumbar region and pulls it forward
  2. muscle development is promoted to compensate for the swayback of the lumbars
  3. intervertebral disc height will become greateranterior compared to posterior
  4. walking will further promote muscle and intervertebral disc development
19
Q

Which sense is a requirement for holding the headerect, standing, sitting, and walking?

A

vision

20
Q

What is the gender bias associated with the lumbar curve convexity?

A

females have a greater convexity of the lumbar curve

21
Q

What is the vertebral relationship between the lumbar curve and lumbar enlargement?

A

lumbar curve T12-L5; lumbar enlargement T9-T12

22
Q

What is the time of apperance of the lateral curves?

A

they appear after 6 years old

23
Q

What is the relationship betweencurvedirection and handedness?

A

a right handed person has a high probability for a right throacic, left lumbar curve combination