Development Of The Face

Question 1

At the end of the _____ week, facial prominences appear.

Answer 1

4th

Question 2

Facial prominences that arise in the 4th week of pregnancy consist mainly of neural crest derived ________ and are formed by the first pair of ________ _______.

Answer 2

Mesenchyme

Pharyngeal arches

Question 3

The facial prominences that appear during the 4th week of pregnancy are: (3 categories)

Answer 3

Frontonasal
Maxillary
Mandibular

Question 4

The ________ prominence is formed by the proliferation of mesenchyme ventral to the brain vesicles; constitutes the upper border of the _________ (future mouth)

Answer 4

Frontonasal

Stomodeum

Question 5

The ________ prominences are located lateral to the stomodeum.

Answer 5

Maxillary

Question 6

The _______ prominences are the lower border of the stomodeum.

Answer 6

Mandibular

Question 7

The weeks 6 and 7, the ______ prominences increase in size.

Answer 7

Maxillary

Question 8

The upper lip is formed by the two _____ ______ prominences and the two _______ prominences.

The _________ _________ prominences do NOT participate in the formation of the upper lip.

Answer 8

Medial nasal
Maxillary
Lateral nasal

Question 9

At first, the maxillary and lateral nasal prominences are separated by a deep furrow called the _______ ______.

Answer 9

Nasolacrimal groove

Question 10

Ectoderm in the floor of the nasolacrimal groove forms a solid cord that detaches from the overlying ectoderm. The cord canalizes (becomes hollow; forms a lumen) to form the ________ _______.

The upper end of (answer above) widens to form the _____ ____.

Answer 10

Nasolacrimal duct

Lacrimal sac

Question 11

The nose is formed from ___ facial prominences.

Answer 11

5

Question 12

The 5 facial prominences that form the nose are:

Answer 12

Frontal
Merged medial nasal (2)
Lateral nasal (2)

Question 13

As the maxillary prominences grow medially, the 2 medial nasal prominences merge not only at the surface, but at a deeper level.

The structure formed by the merging of the medial nasal prominences is composed of the ______, ______, and ______ components.

Answer 13

Labial
Upper jaw
Palatal

Question 14

The labial component of the intermaxillary segment forms the ______ of the upper lip.

The ______ component forms a component that holds the 4 incisors.

The palatal component forms the triangular shaped ____ ______.

Answer 14

Philtrum
Upper Jaw
Primary palate

Question 15

The main portion of the definitive palate is formed by the 2 shelf-like outgrowths from the maxillary prominences. The outgrowths are called the ____ ______ and appear during the 6th week of development. In the 7th week, they ascend to a horizontal position above the tongue and fuse.

Answer 15

Palatine shelves

Question 16

The ____ _____ is the midline landmark between the primary and secondary palates.

Answer 16

Incisive foramen

Question 17

The ____ ________ is considered to be the dividing landmark between the anterior and posterior cleft deformities.

Answer 17

Incisive foramen

Question 18

_________ facial clefts are produced by failure of the maxillary prominence to merge with its corresponding lateral nasal prominence. When this occurs, the _______ _____ is usually exposed to the surface.

Answer 18

Oblique

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 19

__________ cleft lip is a rare abnormality caused by the incomplete merging of the two medial nasal prominences in the midline.

These deformities are associated with severe retardation.

________ specifically targets developing midline structures early in development.

Answer 19

Median (midline)

Alcohol

Question 20

Cleft clip occurs more frequently in ______ than ________.

The frequency of cleft palate is ______ than cleft lip, and occurs more often in _______.

Answer 20

Males
Females
Lower
Females

Question 21

In females, the _____ ________ fuse approximately 1 week later than in males, which may explain why cleft palate occurs more frequently in females.

Answer 21

Palatal shelves

Question 22

_________ drugs, such as phenobarbital and Dilantin, given during pregnancy increase risk of cleft palate.

Answer 22

Anticonvulsant