ear

Question 1

2 main functions of the ear

Answer 1

• equilibration as in balance; the vestibular system

- hearing; the cochlear system

Question 2

the external ear is refereed as the

Answer 2

auricle –> pinna

Question 3

that gnarly external ear injury

Answer 3

auricular hematoma–> cauliflower area

Question 4

sensory innervation of the external ear

Answer 4

mostly from the auriculotemporal br. of V3

some contributions from CN VII and X

Question 5

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome

Answer 5

shingles inside the ear canal

Question 6

Arnold’s reflex

Answer 6

cough reflex can be stimulated by touching side of the face which is initiated by CN X

Question 7

Auricular muscles are innervated by

Answer 7

br. of the CN VII (temporal and posterior auricular)

Question 8

blood supply to the ear

Answer 8

sup. temporal a. and posterior auricular a.

Question 9

superficial temporal v. drains into the _______

posterior auricular v. drains into the _______

Answer 9

sup. temporal drains into retromandibular v.

post. auricular drains into the external jugular

Question 10

Lymphatic Drainage of the ear:

• lateral top half to
• medial top half to
• bottom to

Answer 10

• lateral top half to superficial parotid nodes
• medial top half to mastoid nodes
• bottom to superficial cervical nodes

Question 11

why is a cue tip dangerous?

Answer 11

perforation of the tympanic membrane

Question 12

tympanic membrane separates?

what is the function?

Answer 12

external and middle ear

capture changes in air pressure (sound waves) and transfer to the bones in the middle ear

Question 13

sensory fibers from cranial nerve XI get to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane via the ______

Bonus: which hole does it go though?

Answer 13

tympanic nerve (jacobsen)

• tympanic cannaniculus

Question 14

arcuate eminence overlies the

Answer 14

semicircular canals

Question 15

tegmen tympani forms the roof over the

Answer 15

middle ear

Question 16

name the 3 bones of the middle ear

Answer 16

1. malleus
2. incus
3. stapes

head of the malleus articulates with the incus and the other end is the umbus

incus articulates with the stapes

Question 17

stapes has an _____ shape

Answer 17

ovale

Question 18

why is tensor tympani important?

Answer 18

muscle that insert to the handle of the malleus and dampens loud sounds

innervated by V3

Question 19

Why is stapedius m. important?

Answer 19

muscle that inserts into the stapes, screeching noise activates facial nerve and pull a face

Question 20

hyperacussis

Answer 20

high pitch due to paralysis of stapedius

Question 21

Contraction of tensor and levator veli palatini open the pharyngotympanic tube to __________

Answer 21

equalize pressure

Question 22

is the pharyngotympanic tube easily blocked by swelling of the mucosal membrane?

Answer 22

YASSS

Question 23

otitis media

Answer 23

poor drainage of the middle ear

Question 24

3-year-old girl has fever and left ear pain for 3 days. She has been treated with amoxicillin for past 5 days for left otitis media. Temperature is 101.3°F, pulse is 100/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. Examination shows the left ear displaced forward and laterally. There is edema and tenderness behind the left ear. Otoscopic examination shows a red, dull, left tympanic membrane that does not move. what is the most likely dx?

Answer 24

mastoiditis

Question 25

infections that travel through the aditus into the mastoid air cells causing

Answer 25

mastoidits

Question 26

embryology time:

1st arch forms the

Answer 26

• malleus
• incus
• tensor tympani

Question 27

embryology time:

2nd arch forms the

Answer 27

• stapes

- stapedius

Question 28

embryology time:

1st cleft forms the

Answer 28

external acoustic meatus

Question 29

embryology time:

1st pouch forms the

Answer 29

• pharyngotympanic tube

- middle cavity

Question 30

embryology time:

otic placode forms the

Answer 30

membranous labyrinth in inner ear

Question 31

inner ear– _____ organ

Answer 31

vestibulocochlear organ

Question 32

which artery supplies blood to the inner ear by traveling through the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 32

labyrinthine

Question 33

is a membrane enclosed space within the bony labyrinth

Answer 33

membranous labyrinth

Question 34

Canals within the inner ear form the

Answer 34

bony labyrinth

Question 35

excess endolymph production or blockage of the endolymphatic duct. Results in recurrent tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo

Answer 35

meniere’s syndrome

Question 36

whaaaat, in our utricle and saccule contain hairs cell that are sensitive to

Answer 36

gravity and linear movement of the head

Question 37

utricle macula is in the

Answer 37

horizontal plane

Question 38

saccule macula is in the

Answer 38

vertical plane

Question 39

what is maculae?

Answer 39

where hair cells are concentrated

Question 40

semicircular ducts are sensitive to what type of movement?

Answer 40

rotational

Question 41

Balance and positional awareness are an integration of the

Answer 41

vestibular and visual systems

Question 42

inner core of bone which house the spiral ganglion

Answer 42

modiolus

Question 43

base of the stapes

Answer 43

oval window

Question 44

secondary tympanic membrane

Answer 44

round window

Question 45

_________ transmitted through the oval window causes vibrations within the fluids of the cochlea

These vibrations are sensed by the __________

Answer 45

Mechanical energy transmitted through the oval window causes vibrations within the fluids of the cochlea

These vibrations are sensed by the organ of corti

Question 46

inner or outer hair cell:

• stereocilia in endolymph
• afferent innervation

Answer 46

inner

Question 47

inner or outer hair cell:

• stereocilia embedded in tectorial membrane
• afferent and efferent innervation

Answer 47

outer hair cells

Question 48

basilar membrane?

Answer 48

resonant structure

Question 49

conductive hearing loss

Answer 49

-loss of sound conduction from the external or middle ear; impaired movement of oval or round window

Question 50

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 50

-defects or damage to the cochlea or cochlear nerve

Question 51

Presbycusis and High tone hearing loss

Answer 51

Aging and persistent exposure to excessively loud sounds

Question 52

which hair cells are most susceptible to damage?

Answer 52

inner hair cells at basal end of cochlea