Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrinology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the body’s need for a specific hormone depend on

A
  1. Physiological state
  2. individuals sensitivity to a hormone
  3. Simultaneous action of there chemical messengers on the same cell
    a. additive effect
    b. Synergism
    c. Antagonist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain what down regulation is

A

binding of a hormone with its target cell receptor , often inactivation of some of the receptor molecules or decreased production of the molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F modified amino acids have norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin and dopamine and they have electrical charges that are destroyed slowly within time

A

False- they are rapidly destroyed in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F Peptides are long sequence of amino acids and have electrical charges

A

False
they are short sequence
they survive for only a few seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the receptors that belong to which

  • Cell Membrane
  • Cell Cytoplasm
  • Cell nucleus
A
  • Membrane = protein, peptide and catecholamine
  • Cell Cytoplasm = Steroids
  • Cell nucleus = thyroid hormones ( thyroxine, triiodothyronine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which variables do not change their set points

A
  1. pH
  2. Osmotic Pressure
  3. Ion concentrations of calcium, sodium and potassium ions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which variables constantly change set points

A
  1. hormone levels
  2. nutrient levels
  3. blood pressure
  4. heart rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which variables change set points with Diurnal rhythms

A
  1. temperature

2. Hormone Levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which variables change set points change set points in response to pathological conditions

A
  1. temperature
  2. hormone levels
  3. cytokines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which variables change set points in response to reproductive state

A
  1. Temp
  2. Cytokine
  3. hormone levels
  4. C02 levels
  5. glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/f multiple hormones are in need in order to trigger several changes in one cell

A

False- only need one hormone ( one hormone can have many target organs )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name the hormones that can cross the cell membrane and therefore are lipid soluble

A
  1. Steroids (most powerful)
  2. Sterols
  3. Thyroid hormones
    the above hormones can interact with nuclear proteins and DIRECTLY influence Gene expression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which hormones can have gene expression

A
  • steroids
  • sterols
  • thyroid hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name which steroid derived organ is secreted by:

  • Adrenal
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
  • placenta
A
  • cortisol and aldosterone
  • estrogen and progesterone
  • testosterone
  • estrogen and progesterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the hormones that cannot cross the cell membrane and are lipid insoluble

A
  1. amino acide derivatives
  2. proteins
  3. Eicosanoids
  4. Prostaglandins
  5. leukotrienes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F non lipid soluble hormones can not bind to a membrane bound receptor on the outside of the cell and work through the second messenger system

A

False- they have to duhh cuz they can’t get in that shit on its own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

true false

steroids can break through the cell membrane however they are not able to reach the nucleus of the cell

A

False- they totally can
since they can reach the nucleus- they are capable of acting directly on the DNA and influence specific gene transcription to messenger RNA - then can activate transcription ,enhance or inhibit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True/ False

Steriod hormones are considered long term

A

True - may take hours to days to weeks

since it takes time for transcription of DNA code into RNA , translation of mRNA into protein etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

phosphorylation of a protein can do what?

A
  1. activate or inhibit
  2. open or close a channel (ion)
  3. Activate or inhibit gene expression by changing transcription factors
20
Q

Name the 3 G proteins

A
  1. alpha
  2. beta
  3. gamma
    they are four in the cell membrane
21
Q

Name the hormones that are associated with the anterior pituitary gland

A
  1. growth hormone
  2. adrenocorticotropin
  3. thyroid stimulating hormone
  4. follicle stimulating hormone
  5. lutenizing hormone
    6 prolactin
22
Q

Name the hormones in the posterior pituitary gland

A

Antidiurectic hormone

oxytocin

23
Q

Name the hormones in the adrenal cortex

A
  1. cortisol

2. aldosterone

24
Q

Name the hormones in the thyroid gland

A
  1. thyroxin and triiodothyromine

2. calcitonin

25
Q

Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas have what hormones

A
  1. Insulin

2. Glucagon

26
Q

ovaries have which hormones

A
  1. estrogen

2. progesterone

27
Q

Testes have which hormones and explain

A

testosterone- stim of males growth hormones

28
Q

Explain what the hormone in the parathyroid gland does

A

Parathormone- controls the calcium ion concentration in the ECF by controlling a) absorption of the calcium from the gut
b) exrectionof calcium by the kidneys c) release of calcium from the bones

29
Q

Describe the neural function of the hypothalamus

A
  1. contains sensory cells that measure nutrient levels in the blood, osmotic pressure, internal temp and hormone levels
  2. contain integrating centers- receives information all over the body
  3. contain nuclei which control the feeding behavior, body temp, sex drive , pleasure pain reception
30
Q

describe the endocrine function of the hypothalamus

A
  1. contain neuroendocrine cells - produces hypothalamic hormones and secretes into the blood . these hormones regulate the functions of the anterior pituitary gland (POSTERIOR does not produce)
  2. Contain neuroendocrine cells whose cell bodies are in paraventricular and suproptic nuclei of the hypothalamus axons extend down into the posterior pituitary
31
Q

True/ False

Anterior Pituitary Gland is also known as Neurophyophysis and originates from an outgrowth of hypothesis

A

False
that is the posterior pituitary … The anterior is known as adenohypophysis and the hormone secreted play a role in the control of the metabolic function throughout the body

32
Q

True / False

Posterior Pituitary Gland synthesizes most hormones in the body

A

False … it cannot synthesize any hormones

it only stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus

33
Q

Explain what happens when the ECF becomes too concentrated

A

fluid is pulled by osmosis out of the osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus it results in a decrease size and initiating nerve signals in the hypothalamus to cause additional ADH secretion

So when osmotic pressure increases= ADH secreted
when osmotic pressure decreases = ADH depressed

34
Q

What happens with ADH levels when blood pressure is too high… and too low

A

Too high = ADH suppressed

Too low= ADH secreted

35
Q

Oxytocin and ADH are considered_______ and contains molecules called_______

A

Pre- hormones / neurophysins

36
Q 
Vasopressin does: 
1. 
2 
3.
4.
A
  1. increases blood volume
  2. Decreases osmotic pressure in the blood
  3. Stimulate sense of thirst , drive fluid intake
  4. may be involved with memory
37
Q

Diabetes Insipidus is caused by the absent of _____

A

ADH —- will lead to continuous loss of water in urine producing a dilute urine — person must contiously drink water

38
Q

Describe the physiological actions of Oxytocin

A
  1. stimulates the contractions of smooth muscles within the reproductive tracts - childbirth enhances contraction
  2. way sperm is transported during intercourse
  3. helps deliver milk by milk let down - sight, sound and smell of newborn enhances oxytocin release
39
Q

What is known as the “true” endocrine gland

A

Anterior Pituiatry gland - originates in Rathke’s pouch

40
Q

The anterior Pituitary Gland synthesizes and secretes which hormones

A
  1. Growth Hormone
  2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
  3. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
  4. Prolactin
  5. Follicle- Stimulating hormone
  6. Luteinizing hormone
  7. Melanocyte Stimulating hormone
41
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

A

Causes release of thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin

42
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone

A

causes the release of adrenocorticotropin hormone and melanocyte stimulating hormone

43
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

A

causes the release of growth hormone

44
Q

Growth Hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)

A

also known as somatostatin hormone … inhibits the synthesis and release of growth hormone

45
Q

Prolactin Inhibitory Hormone (PIH)

A

causes inhibition of prolactin secretion … dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter and blocks off prolactin secretion

  • mechanical stimulation of mammary glands increases prolactin secretion
  • so every time prolactin concentration increases above normal - hypothalamus is activated to secrete dopamine

Endocrinology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions