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Supp Neuro 3 > Eye infections > Flashcards

Eye infections Flashcards

1
Q

Infection of the eyelid:

A

Blepharitis

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2
Q

Infection of the conjunctiva:

A

conjuntivitis

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3
Q

Infection of the cornea:

A

Keratitis

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4
Q

Infection of the cornea and conjunctiva:

A

Keratoconjunctivitis

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5
Q

Infection of the middle layer- iris, ciliary body, and choroid:

A

Uveitis

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6
Q

Infection of the choroid and retinal layers:

A

Chorioretinitis

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7
Q

Infection of the aqueous and vitreous humor:

A

Endopthalmitis

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8
Q

Common pathogen causing styes?

A

Staph epidermidis

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9
Q

Localized infalmmation due to bacterial growth in eyelash:

A

stye/hordeolum

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10
Q

Abx treatment option for stye?

A

Erythtomycin ointment

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11
Q

Two immune defense mechinisms contained in tears:

A

sIgA

lysozyme

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12
Q

Imune cells of the conjuctiva:

A

lymphocytes

plasma cells

neutrophils

mast cells

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13
Q

Mechanical defense of bacteria attachment:

A

blinking

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14
Q

What causes eyes to turn red in conjunctivitis?

A

dilation and congestion of subepithelial vessels

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15
Q

Rank allergic vs viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis with respect to bilateral presentation:

A

Allergic: mostly

Bacterial: 50-74%

Viral: 35%

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16
Q

Mucopurulent discharge characterizes what type of conjunctivitis?

A

bacterial (usually young kids)

17
Q

Mild, watery, sometimes “sleepers” are discharge characteristics of which type of conjuntivitis?

A

viral

18
Q

Pruritic conjunctivitis is usually_____________.

A

allergic

19
Q

Conjunctivitis most commonly (32-29%) associated with acute otitis media?

A

bacterial

20
Q

Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever) mediated by which two cell types and what antibody?

A

B-cell—-> IgE —–>mast cell —–> histamine release

21
Q

Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis in neonates?

A

HSV

22
Q

Most common cause of conjunctivitis in post-natal people?

A

Adenovirus

23
Q

Adenovirus
envelope:
genetic material:

A

non-enveloped
dsDNA
highly contagious spread through fomites (swimming pools)

24
Q

Two options for empiric treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis:

A

Trimethoprim+polymyxin drops (Polytrim)

Moxifloxacin drops ($$$)

25
Q

Mechinism of action and spectrum for polymyxin B:

A

-binds to LPS in membrane and causes holes for cellular contents to spill out

Gram - , multidrug resistant

side fx???

26
Q

Hyperacute bacterial conjuntivitis caused by :

Treat with?

A

Neisseria gonorrheoeae
gram -, dipplococci
CHOCOLATE agar

Cetriaxone

27
Q

Prophylaxis for newborns against ophthalmia neonatorum (conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis within first few weeks of birth):

A

erythromycin ointment

28
Q

Mechanism of action for Macrolides?

name two:

Side fx?

A

Inhibit translation by binding 23s rRNA of 50s subunit

Broad coverage of respiratory pathogens

Erythromycin, azithromycin

GI discomfort, hepatic failure, prolonged QT interval

inhibits cyt P450 so what interactions

29
Q

Buzzwords: What is it?

Trachoma (serotypes A-C)

leading cause of BLINDNESS worldwide bc no long lasting immunity

co-infx with N. gonorhoaea

treat with azythromycin

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

30
Q

Pathogen that has elementary bodies (EB, extra cellular form with rigid outermembrane) and reticular bodies (RB, intacellular form)?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

31
Q

Topical treatment for HSV-1 keratoconjunctivitis:

Whats the mechanism?

A

trifluridine

pyrimidine analog that uses HOST kinanses

***only topical, more toxic

32
Q

Gram -

aerobic rod with flagella

free living with minimal nutritional requirements

BIOFILMS for natural drug resistance

Pyocyanin–blue pigment inhibits mtch enzymes

What is it?

A

Pseudomonas aeroginsoa

33
Q

VF’s for Pseudomonas a. that destroy corneal epithelium?

A

elastase

alkaline protease

34
Q

single cell eukaryotes that can cause bad keratitis when they enter the eye?

Treatment?

A

Acanthamoeba

-azoles

35
Q

Two most common causes of Chorioretinitis:

A

Toxoplasma, CMV (more common in neonates and HIV)

36
Q

Two worms that can cause choroiretinitis:

A

Toxocara canis

Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness)

37
Q

How do you diagnose Toxoplasmosis?

A

IgM serology

38
Q

Treatment for Toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine (DHFR inhibitor for fungi) and sulfadiazine (pteridine synthetase inhibitor)

39
Q

Treatment for rare Endopthalmitis of vitreous and/or aqueous humor?

A

Floroquinolone or vanco injection into eye

Supp Neuro 3 (3 decks)

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