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HRM Exam 3 > FINAL DRUGS Hellekant random (wks 1-4) > Flashcards

FINAL DRUGS Hellekant random (wks 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

GHRH analog? what is it used for?

A

Sermorelin. Tx for hyposecretion of GH.

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2
Q

rhGH. Name that drug! what is it used for?

A

Omnitrope/nutropin/norditropin. Tx for hyposecretion of GH

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3
Q

Mecasermin, what is the MOA? what is it clinically used for? contraindications?

A

rhIGF. Laron-type dwarfism. dont give to children with cancer or for growth promotion if epiphyses are CLOSED.

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4
Q

bromocriptine, MOA? what is it used for?

A

dopamine agonist. TX for GH hypersecretion (such as ACROMEGALY)

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5
Q

somatostatin analog (GHIH), name that drug! what is it clinically used for?

A

Octreotide. GH hypersecretion treatment (acromegaly)

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6
Q

GH receptor antagonist, Name that drug! what is it clinically used for?

A

Pegvisomant. Tx for GH hypersecretion (acromegaly)

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7
Q

what are two dopamine agonists that are used for treatment of hypersecretion of prolactin?

A

Cabergoline! and we already know, bromocriptine

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8
Q

Propylthiouracil- MOA and clinical application? association side effect?

A

inhibits THYROID PEROXIDASE (involved in organification and conjugation)—> inhibits thyroid synthesis and inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 -> T3. TX: hyperthryoidism. hepatotoxicity.

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9
Q

what is a similar drug to propylthiouracil and not used for hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?

A

METHIMAZOLE (teratogen)

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10
Q

what is a synthetic form of T4? what is it used for?

A

Levothyroxine. Tx hypothryoidism. also used to suppress TSH secretion for the treatment of goiters

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11
Q

what is the T3 synthetic form?

A

Liothyronine

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12
Q

what radioactive Iodine is for thyroid ablation?

A

131

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13
Q

what radioactive iodine is used for thyroid imaging?

A

123

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14
Q

what else does PTU inhibit besides thyroid peroxidase?

A

Deiodinase 1 (thereby inhibiting peripheral conversion of T4 to T3)

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15
Q

what drugs do you use for thyrotoxicosis?

A

beta blockers for symptomatic.

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16
Q

what drug has a purely GLUCOCORTICOID EFFECT and no mineralocorticoid effect?

A

Dexamethasone.

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17
Q

what drug has an extremely high MINERALOCORTICOID EFFECT and a lower glucocorticoid effect?

A

FLUDROCORTISONE

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18
Q

______ inhibits side chain cleavage and other CYP enzymes. what medical treatment is it used for?

A

KETOCONAZOLE. Tx for Cushing Disease

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19
Q

____ inhibits 11beta hydroxylase in the adrenal gland and the goal of interfering with cortisol production?

A

Metyrapone

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20
Q

Glucocorticoid receptor agonist: _______. used in treatment of inoperable cushing disease

A

mifepristone

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21
Q

_____ is a Biguanide. What is its MOA?

A

Metformin. inhibits gluconeogenesis and increases insulin sensitivity!

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22
Q

______ is an insulin secretagogue and requires some beta islets for patient response. What class does it fit under?

A

Glimepiride. Sulfonylureas.

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23
Q

what is Glimepiride’s MOA?

A

binds to SUR1 subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channel adn closes the channel –> increases intracellular calcium.

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24
Q

what are first generation Sulfonylureas?

A

chlorpropamide

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25
Q

what is a GLP-1 analog? what does it do?

A

Exenatide (SC). stimulates insulin and inhibits glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, induces satiety.

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26
Q

Sitagliptin: MOA?

A

DDP-IV inhibitor. therefore enhances incretin activity (prevents degradation)

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27
Q

what are the two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors? and where do they act?

A

Acarbose and Miglitol. brushborder, inhibit hydrolysis of disaccharides and complex carbs -> monosaccharides.

28
Q

what is an example of an Amylin analog?

A

Pramlintide

29
Q

what are the PPARgamma receptor agonists?

A

Glitazones

30
Q

for women with endogenous estrogen activity and normal hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function, usually use _______, an estrogen antagonist which INDUCES FSH secretion

A

Clomiphene citrate

31
Q

For women with hypothalamic anovulatory function, administer ______ and ______ w/ daily injection

A

FSH and LH.

32
Q

_______ w/ hCG given in sequence for OVULATION in ANovulatory women and for production of multiple follicles

A

MENOTROPINS (pergonal): injected, FSH and LH activity

33
Q

_____ w/ hCG given in sequence for induction of ovulation of patients with PCOS (w/high FSH/LH and failed clomiphene citrate therapy)

A

UROFOLITROPIN (injected, FSH activity)

34
Q

_____ is used to induce follicle development and when couple with hCG induction of ovulation

A

FOLLITROPIN

35
Q

give an example of a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is an estrogen antagonist in the hypothalamus and stimulates release of GnRH and gonadotropins

A

Clomiphene citrate

36
Q

GnRH agonist. Name that drug!

A

Leuprolide/ Goserelin! nonpulsatile administration decreases FSH and LH levels (takes 7-10 days), administer with –utamide– to suppress ‘flare’

37
Q

GnRH antagonist, name that drug!

A

Ganirelix, Cetrorelix, DEGARELIX (fitzakerly).

38
Q

what is the princippal natural hormone in synthetic estrogens?

A

Estradiol 17b. THE ADDITION OF C-17 MAKES IT MORE ORALLY ACTIVE

39
Q

Name that drug! agonist in bone, lipoproteins. antagnoist in breast and uterus for ER+ cancers.

A

Raloxifene

40
Q

Name that drug! antagonist in breast, no effect in bone, agonist in uterus. hot flashes, lowers LDL and increases HDL

A

TOREMIFENE

41
Q

can be used in premenopausal women, ER+ breast cancer treatment, antagnoist in breast and vasculature, agonist in utreus, bone and lipoproteins.

A

Tamoxifen

42
Q

PURE estrogen antagonist and IM injection/month. Name that drug!

A

Fulvestrant

43
Q

what drugs can be used to treat ER(+) cancer in postmenopausal women?

A

Aromatase inhibitors: anastrozole/letrozole. exemestane

44
Q

Medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone and levonorgestrel are of what classification? what are they used in clinically?

A

progestins. oral contraceptives

45
Q

treatment modalities for emergency contraception and abortefacient:

1) progesterone agonist ______
2) progesterone antagonists: _______ when used at high doses

A

1) levonogestrel (PLAN B)

2) mifepristone

46
Q

Does levonogestrel prevent ovulation or terminate a pregnancy?

A

prevents ovulation! mifepristone at high doses can terminate a pregnancy

47
Q

______ (aka Ella) is used for emergency contraception to prevent or delay ovulation (up to 5 days after intercourse)

A

Ulipristal acetate

48
Q

what are oxytocics used for?

A

to promote labor OR limit bleeding post-labor

49
Q

what are tocolytics used for?

A

to reduce uterine contractility

50
Q

definition of AUGMENT, victoria….

A

to make something greater/additive. In a sentence- I would use Pitocin to AUGMENT labor

51
Q

what are tocolytics used for?

A

to reduce uterine contractility and suppress premature labor

52
Q

what is the drug of choice for LABOR INDUCTION?

A

pitocin

53
Q

what promotes cervical ripening prior to delivery AND can be used as abortifacients?

A

prostaglandins. DinoPROSTone= natural PGE. MisoPROSTol= synthetic PGE.

54
Q

what is another use for Diniprostone?

A

TO TREAT HYDATIDIFORM MOLE.

55
Q

what are 2 major functions of ERGOTS and what drugs are paired with those functions?

A

1) contraction of uterus mediated by ergonovine=ergometrine.

2) contraction of blood vessels by ERGOTAMINE

56
Q

what are 2 major functions of ERGOTS and what drugs are paired with those functions?

A

1) contraction of uterus mediated by ergonoVine=ergometrine.

2) contraction of blood vessels by ERGOTAMINE- used to treat migraine headaches

57
Q

what is a beta2 selective agent that can cause pulmonary edema in mothers?

A

terbutaline

58
Q

what drug competes with Calcium and relaxes smooth muscle? hint: its also used to prevent seizures associated with eclampsia

A

Magnesium sulfate

59
Q

what are 2 major functions of ERGOTS and what drugs are paired with those functions?

A

1) contraction of uterus mediated by ergonoVine=ergometrine, therefore used to REDUCE POST-PARTUM UTERINE BLEEDING. never give to induce labor!
2) contraction of blood vessels by ERGOTAMINE- used to treat migraine headaches

60
Q

_____ is the only oxytocin receptor antagonist approved for clinical use (delays labor, rapid onset) and also increased fetal mortality.

A

Atosiban

61
Q

What tocolytic agent is used to delay labor in the SHORT TERM?

A

Indomethacin (NSAIDs)

62
Q

what is a DHT derivative and act as an anabolic steroid (promotes muscle growth 1:3-1:13)

A

Oxandrolone

63
Q

what is a nonsteroidal ‘pure’ receptor antagonist used in advanced prostate cancer that has side effects of gynecomastia and hepatotoxicity?

A

Bicalutamide, flutamide. used in conjunction with GnRH agonist or orchidectomy

64
Q

what drug is a human recombinant GnRH agonist and can be used in a pulsatile fashion to improve sperm numbers within 3-6months?

A

Gonadorelin

65
Q

what is important about Tadalafil?

A

4x longer duration than the others (aka viagra-sildenafil)

HRM Exam 3 (16 decks)

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