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Exam 2 Skin block > Hand and spine > Flashcards

Hand and spine Flashcards

1
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome: description

A

compression of ulnar nerve at elbow.Ulnar nerve between the biceps and triceps. Also between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon.

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2
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome: SX

A

numbness and tingling to the 4th and 5th digits

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3
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome: exam

A

flexion elbow tst, tinels at elbow

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4
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome: tests

A

EMG show reduction of 30% velocity

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5
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome: TX

A

behavior modification, (wearing a brace in sleep so arms aren’t flexed), surgical transposition

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6
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome: description

A

Compression of median nerve at the wristInside the carpal tunnel: Median nerve, flexor dgitalis superficialis, flexor digitalis profundus, flexor polics longis

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7
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome: sx

A

numbness and tingling to 1-3rd digits, night pain

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8
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome: exam

A

positive phalens, tinels, compression test

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9
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome: test

A

EMG show 30% velocity decrease

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10
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome: TX

A

night splints, steroid injections, carpal tunnel release

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11
Q

Trigger finger: DESCRIPTION

A

inflammation of flexor tendon gets it snapping through pulleys in hands

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12
Q

Trigger finger: symptoms

A

catching of finger when factively flexing finger

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13
Q

Trigger finger: exam

A

palpable knot that moves with tendon at distal palm

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14
Q

Trigger finger: tests

A

none

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15
Q

Trigger finger: TX

A

NSAID, steroid injections, A1 pulley release

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16
Q

Mallet finger: description

A

laceration of extensor tendon at base of the DP

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17
Q

Mallet finger: SX

A

inability to straighten fingertip

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18
Q

Mallet finger: exam

A

inability to straighten finger tip

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19
Q

Mallet finger: Test

A

X ray may show avulsion fracture at base of DP

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20
Q

Mallet finger: Tx

A

Stack splinting

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21
Q

De quervain tenosynovitis: description

A

Swelling and inflammation fo the tendons taht run throught he 1st dorsal compartment (Extensor policis brevis and abductor policis longus)

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22
Q

De quervain tenosynovitis: SX

A

pain over radial styloid

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23
Q

De quervain tenosynovitis: exam

A

finklestein’s test

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24
Q

De quervain tenosynovitis: test

A

none

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25
Q

De quervain tenosynovitis: TX

A

Splint, NSAIDs, steroid injection, release of compartment

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26
Q

Dupuytren disease: description

A

nodular thickening of palmar fascia (northern european descent)

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27
Q

Dupuytren disease: SX

A

painless nodules that eventually draw the 4th and 5th digits

28
Q

Dupuytren disease: Exam

A

cords may form causing flexion of the digits, table top test

29
Q

Dupuytren disease: Test

A

none

30
Q

Dupuytren disease: Treatment

A

splinting, celleganase injection, fasciotomies

31
Q

Low back pain: description

A

80% have no cause

32
Q

Low back pain: SX

A

Low back pain with even a trivial event, radiating to buttocks

33
Q

Low back pain: Exam

A

diffuse LBP to palpation, stiffROM. Reflexes and neuro exam is normal.

34
Q

Low back pain:test

A

no testing for 6 weeks unless atypical pain. Then x ray then MRI

35
Q

Low back pain:TX

A

Nsaids, no bedrest, then PT

36
Q

Herniated nucleus pulposis: description

A

extrusion of center of disk posteriorly, compressing nerve roots. Most common at L4-5 and L5-S1L4: KneeL5: Big toeS1: pinky toeS1 and S2: achilles reflexT10: belly button

37
Q

Herniated nucleus pulposis: SX

A

usually abrupt, but may be insidious. Unilateral radicular pain, worse with activity

38
Q

Herniated nucleus pulposis: exam

A

straight leg raise, dermatomal weakness and parasthesias

39
Q

Herniated nucleus pulposis: test

A

xrays may demonstrate narrowed disk space. MRI is diagnostic

40
Q

Herniated nucleus pulposis: TX

A

NSAIDS, rest, then PT, epidural steroid injections, the discectomy

41
Q

Spondylolistehesis: description

A

forward slippage of lumbar vertebral bodyPars defect may increase chance of slippage

42
Q

Spondylolistehesis: sx

A

back pain from bending. may cause claudicaton

43
Q

Spondylolistehesis: exam

A

dermatomal weakness, may feel spinous process stepoffs

44
Q

Spondylolistehesis: tests

A

Flexion/extension x rays of spine who slippage

45
Q

Spondylolistehesis: TX

A

NASAIDS, surgical fusion

46
Q

Spnodylosis: description

A

degenerative changes in teh facets of discs leading to osteophytes and possible nerve compression

47
Q

Spnodylosis: SX

A

achy pain in spine, worse with ROM

48
Q

Spnodylosis: exam

A

tender to palpation, stiffness, radicular or myelopathy may be present

49
Q

Spnodylosis: tests

A

xrays show osteophytes and sclerosis. MRI can show pinched nerves

50
Q

Spnodylosis: tx

A

nsaids, steroids, traction, surgical decompression and fusion

51
Q

Cervical dermatomes

A

C6 thumbC8: pinky

52
Q

Cervical myotomes

A

C5: deltoidC6: biceps flexors, wrist extensorC7: tricep, wrist flexorsC8: fingers flexT1`: interossei

53
Q

DISH: description

A

idiopathic disease characterized by osteophyte formation spanning several vertebra. More than 1

54
Q

DISH: sx

A

stiff spine and pain

55
Q

DISH: exam

A

stiff spine

56
Q

DISH: test

A

xrays show brdiging osteophytes over 4 vertebra, no HLA association

57
Q

DISH: tx

A

nsaids

58
Q

Radiculopathy: description

A

compression of nerve root

59
Q

Radiculopathy: SX

A

unilateral radiating dermatomal paincompress nerve root as it exits

60
Q

Radiculopathy: exam

A

ROM cause radiating pain, dermatomal weakness and parasthesias. No upper motor neuron signs

61
Q

Radiculopathy: test

A

MRI shows nerve root compression

62
Q

Radiculopathy: TX

A

NSAIDS steroid injections, PT traction. Surgical decompression

63
Q

Myelopathy: description

A

compression of the spinal cordEdema in the spinal cord.

64
Q

Myelopathy: SX

A

bilateral weakness, difficulty with fine motor tasks, wide based gait

65
Q

Myelopathy: exam

A

bowel or bladder ysfunction, upper motor neuron signs

66
Q

Myelopathy: tests

A

MRI shows cord compression

67
Q

Myelopathy: TX

A

epidural injections may help but surgical decompression is recomended due to risk of permanent deficits

Exam 2 Skin block (22 decks)

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