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PH 152 > HIV/AIDS > Flashcards

HIV/AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

genus of HIV

A

Lentivirus

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2
Q

criterion for differentiation @ HIV types: enumerate

A

(1) genetic make-up

(2) geographic distribution

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3
Q

majority of cases; pandemic, from sub-Saharan Africa
A. HIV-1
B. HIV-2
C. HIV-3

A

A

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4
Q

HIV-1 has subtypes M, N and O. Which causes global epidemics?

A

M (majority)

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5
Q

HIV-1 subtype Localized to Cameroon, Gabon &

Equatorial Guines

A

O

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6
Q

HIV-1 subtype in Cameroon only

A

N

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7
Q

subtype E of HIV-1 is now classified as __

A

CRF (circulating recombinant form)

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8
Q

Why is HIV capable of producing circulating recombinant form?

A

Because its segmented linear genome is prone to mutation

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9
Q

(1) No cases in the Philippines
(2) No HIV-2 pandemic
(3) Less pathogenic than HIV-1

Which is false about HIV-2?

A

(1)

we have 1 case; however it is more seen in West Africa

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10
Q

What is the genome of HIV?

A

A pair of (+) ssRNA

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11
Q

shape of capsid containing RNA

A

Conical

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12
Q

T or F: HIV is a naked virus.

A

F. It has an envelope

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13
Q

In the viral envelope of HIV-1, the peplomer cap is also known as __

A

gp120

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14
Q

In the viral envelope of HIV-1, the peplomer stalk is also known as __

A

gp41

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15
Q

gp120 and gp41 come from __

A

gp160

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16
Q

enumerate the 3 major genes of HIV

A

Envelope
Polymerase
Group Specific Antigen

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17
Q

codes for capsid protein, matrix protein, nucleocapsid

A

Group Specific Antigen

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18
Q

codes for reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase,

and ribonuclease; unique for HIV

A

Polymerase

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19
Q 
encode for (1) surface protein, (2) transmembrane
protein
A

Envelope

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20
Q

identify the accessory gene: essential for replication specifically for elongation

A

TAT gene (transcriptional activator)

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21
Q

identify the accessory gene: bringing mRNA into translations

A

REV gene (regulator of viral gene expression)

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22
Q

enumerate the 2 main differences of HIV-1 & HIV-2

A

(1) structure

(2) weight of each of the component of the virion

23
Q

HIV-2 __ HIV-1 (weight)
A. >
B. <
C. =

A

A

24
Q

envelope precursor of HIV-2

A

gp140

25
Q

HIV binds to CD4 antigen on cells such as Macrophages

and T-Helper cells via the ___

A

HIV surface glycoprotein, gp120

26
Q

Once HIV has attached & chemokines stabilize the interaction, __ changes –> exposing hydrophobic
regions that embed in the membrane of host cell.

A

gp41

27
Q 
Which co-receptor isn't one of those which HIV has to attach to?
A. CKR5
B. CCR5 
C. CR5 & CXCR4 
D. R4
A

C

R5 dapat

28
Q

another name for CXCR4

A

fusin

29
Q

Which is false about HIV?
a. There is fusion between the membranes of the virus and the host cell before entry of nucleocapsid.
b. Initial infection of HIV is abundant in the mucosa.
c. There is formation of syncytia with the isolation of
the virus in cell lines.

A

C

No syncytia

30
Q

Initial infection of HIV is __
A. T-tropic
B. M-tropic
C. Both

A

B

31
Q

Later infection of HIV is __
A. T-tropic
B. M-tropic
C. Both

A

A

32
Q

HIV that target T-lymphocytes uses the

__ receptor

A

CXCR4

33
Q

enumerate three steps by which a co-receptor (i.e. CKR5) works

A

(1) Attachment
(2) Binding to second receptor
(3) Fusion

34
Q

CK5 receptor is receptor for __ HIV
A. T-tropic
B. M-tropic
C. Both

A

B

aka initial infection of HIV

35
Q

functions primarily to convert +ssRNA genome into a
complete double stranded DNA form (not the
complete virion)

identify the enzyme

A

reverse transcriptase enzyme

36
Q

T or F
the virion utilizes the host cell’s DNA dependent RNA
polymerase for transcription

A

T

37
Q

allows integration of the dsDNA form into the host
cell’s chromosome

identify the enzyme

A

integrase enzyme

38
Q

Which is false?
A. dsDNA is translated into viral proteins in the
ribosomes of the host
B. replication of the viral genome happens in the nucleus
C. in latency, viral genome (dsDNA) undergo no production/very little replication of new virion
D. the virus exits the cell via budding

A

B

cytoplasm, not nucleus

39
Q

What allows maturation of HIV outside the host

cell to its functional components? How does it activate maturation?

A

protease enzyme, cleaving chunk of protein

40
Q 
Which is not a mode of transmission for HIV?
A. sexual
B. parenteral
C. arthropod-borne
D. vertical
A

C

41
Q 
Which doesn't the CD4 T-cell release?
A. IL-1
B. IL-2
C. IL-4 and IL-10
D. IFN-γ
A

A

42
Q

role of IL-2

A

stimulates T cell proliferation of cytotoxic
T cell which releases cytokines that inhibit viral
replication

43
Q

What do IL-4 & IL-10 do?

A

stimulate maturation of antibody
response of B cell which produces virus-specific
antibodies)

44
Q

two main characteristics of primary HIV infection: enumerate

A

rapid rise in
plasma virus and a rapid decline in circulating CD4 +
T - cells.

45
Q

True or False.

In HIV patients, opportunistic infections are a precursor to T cell decline.

A

F

Opportunistic infections happen because there is T-Cell depletion, hence they happen only once T-cell decline is so intense.

46
Q

The HIV - specific antibody response takes longer to

initiate and results in seroconversion. What is seroconversion?

A

when the patient has detectable level

of antibodies against the infectious agent

47
Q

___ Sarcoma may be seen in AIDS patients

A

Kaposi’s

48
Q

most common way of diagnosing AIDS

A

ELISA

49
Q 
Identify the diagnostic method
- Blood HIV load varies markedly during
infection and viral turnover is always rapid
- Used to monitor titer of HIV
- Employed when a person is in therapy
A

Plasma Viral Load

50
Q

only HIV detection method in establishing acute conditions for children < 6 months

A

PCR

51
Q

Which is false?
A. HIV dried in salt solution on stainless steel surfaces
may still be detected after a week
B. Disinfectants are more effective where HIV has dried on surfaces or in the presence of large amounts of protein
C. If HIV is associated with large number of
protein, it has a higher likelihood of retaining their viability.
D. HIV is labile to heat and drying.

A

B

less, not more

52
Q

identify the type of HIV drug
o Competitive inhibitors of reverse transcriptase
o AZT, DDI, DDC, d4T, 3TC, Abacavir, succinate, Previon

A

nucleoside inhibitors

53
Q

identify the type of HIV drug
o Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, but bind to sites other
than the active site of the enzyme
o Nevirapine, Atervidine, Delavirdine, Efavirenz

A

non-nucleoside inhibitors

54
Q

HIV may be treated via HAART. What does HAART mean?

A

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy

PH 152 (47 decks)

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