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Pharmacy > Hyperlipidemia > Flashcards

Hyperlipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

rate limiting enzyme for intracellular cholesterol biosynthesis

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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2
Q

familial hypercholesterolemia

A

increased LDL

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3
Q

familial hypertriglyceridemia

A

increased TG

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4
Q

familial combined hyperlipidemia

A

increased LDL

increased TG

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5
Q

hypoalphalipoproteinemia

A

isolated HDL < 35

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6
Q

drugs that later lipid profiles

A

thiazide diuretics (increase TG)
BB (increase TG, decrease HDL)
OCP (increase cholesterol, increase TG)

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7
Q

optimal LDL C

A

<100

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8
Q

HDL-C

A

60 high

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9
Q

TC

A

<200 desirable

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10
Q

TG

A

<150 normal

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11
Q

Major CHD risk factors

A 
LDL
cigarette smoking
HTN
low HDL (high HDL negates a RF)
Fhx premature CHD
Age
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12
Q

always use antihyperlipidemic drugs in conjunction with

A

diet, exercise, weight reduction

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13
Q

inhibits mobilization of FFA’s from adipose tissue, results in decreased VLDL

A

niacin

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14
Q

best med choice to increase HDL. used in hyperlipoproteinemias, and as an adjunct to decrease TG

A

niacin

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15
Q

adverse effects: vasodilation, nausea, dyspepsia, activation of PUD, hyperuricemia, worsen glucose tolerance, hepatotoxicity (LFTs 3X normal!)

A

niacin

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16
Q

monitor glucose, uric acid, LFTs

A

niacin

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17
Q

contraindicated in DM, gout, peptic ulcer and LIVER DISEASE

A

niacin

18
Q

drug interactions: hypotension with BP lowering drugs, DM meds- hyperglycemia, and increased risk or hepatotox with statins

A

niacin

19
Q

inhibit lipolysis and increase lipoprotein lipase, decreasing serum VLDL and increasing HDL

A

fibrates

20
Q

decrease TG, increase HDL, may increase LDL

A

fibrates

21
Q

med of choice for lowering TG. also used for combined increased cholesterol and TG

A

fibrates

22
Q

adverse effects include GI, myopathy, hepatotoxicity, neutropenia, gallstones, and pancreatitis

A

fibrates

23
Q

this class inhibits enterohepatic recycling or bile acids and salts- causing the liver to convert stored cholesterol to bile acids

A

bile acid resins

24
Q

reduces TC, LDL (dose dependent), increases HDL and TG

A

bile acid resins

25
Q

adverse effects are mostly GI- constipation, bloating, gas, nausea. Avoid in pts with diverticulitis, swallowing difficulties, motility disorders

A

bile acid resins

26
Q

ADRs with warfarin, thyroid, digoxin- separate ALL meds by at least 2 hours

A

bile acid resins

27
Q

contraindicated in biliary obstruction, TG >500, or TG>200 (relative)

A

bile acid resins

28
Q

competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase (necessary for cholesterol synthesis-results in an increase in hepatic LDL receptors)

A

statins

29
Q

decreases LDL, decrease TG, increase HDL. Proven efficacy to reduce major coronary events and stroke, CV related and total mortality, and coronary procedures

A

statins

30
Q

pleiotropic effects: CV (stabilize plaques, enhance NO production, decrease oxidative stress), renal (modulate inflammation), endocrine (improve insulin sensitivity), and skeletal (inhibit bone resorption)

A

statins

31
Q

this class has few adverse effects. Most common are HA, myalgia, and dyspepsia. Hepatotoxicity and myopathy can occur

A

statins

32
Q

reacts with CYP450 3A4 inhibitors- cyclosporine, grapefruit juice, macrolides, triazole antifungals, fluoroquinolones, SSRIs, diltiazem, verapamil, amiodarone, omperazole, protease inh

A

statins

33
Q

statins not metabolized by 3A4

A

prava, fluva, rosuva

34
Q

this statin increased warfarin effects

A

lovastatin

35
Q

monitor AST/ALT, CK

A

statins

36
Q

caution in liver and renal disease, contra in pregnancy

A

statins

37
Q

combo niacin ER/ lovastatin- increases risk of myopathy. Monitor LFTs

A

advicor

38
Q

inhibits absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the SI, causing a decrease in delivery of cholesterol to the liver

A

ezetimbe

39
Q

this drug may increase risk of AST/ALT elevation when used in combo with statins

A

ezetimbe

40
Q

ADRs include GI, HA< arthralgia, sinusitis

A

ezetimbe

41
Q

if LDL >205 above goal or patient is high/moderately high risk, what is our DOC

A

statins

42
Q

if TG >500, use these drugs to reduce risk of pancreatitis

A

fibrate or niacin

Pharmacy (22 decks)

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