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Patient Assessment > Male Genitalia and Hernias > Flashcards

Male Genitalia and Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias

A

Develop at the internal inguinal ring, where the spermatic cord exits the abdomen; presents with a bulge near the external inguinal ring

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2
Q

Direct inguinal hernias

A

Arise more medially from weakness in the floor of the inguinal canal; associated with straining and heavy lifting; presents with a bulge near the internal inguinal ring

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3
Q

Femoral hernias

A

More likely to present as emergencies with bowel incarceration or strangulation

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4
Q

What causes a lack of libido?

A

May arise from psychogenic causes such as depression, endocrine dysfunction, or side effects of medications

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5
Q

What causes erectile dysfunction?

A

May be from psychogenic causes, especially if early morning erection if preserved; it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system, impaired neural innervation, and diabetes

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6
Q

What is premature ejaculation?

A

More commonly seen in young men than older men; possible causes are medications, surgery, neurologic deficits, or lack of androgen.

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7
Q

What is reduced or absent ejaculation?

A

More commonly seen in older men; possible causes are medications, surgery, neurologic deficits, or lack of androgen.

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8
Q

What is the primary cause of lack of orgasm?

A

Psychogenic problems

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9
Q

What is a common symptom of gonorrhea?

A

Yellow penile discharge

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10
Q

What is a common symptom of non-gonococcal urethritis from Chlamydia?

A

White penile discharge

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of disseminated gonorrhea ?

A

rash, tenosynvitis, nonoarticular arthritis, and even meningitis

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12
Q

Sores and growths on penis

A

look for ulcers in syphilitic chancre and herpes; warts for HPV; swelling in mumps orchitis, scrotal edema & testicular cancer; pain in testicular torsion, epididymitis & orchitis

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13
Q

What can infections from oral-penile transmissions include?

A

Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis & herpes

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14
Q

What can occur after anal intercourse?

A

symptomatic or asymptomatic proctitis.

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15
Q

Phimosis

A

A tight prepuce that cannot be retracted over the glans

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16
Q

Paraphimosis

A

A tight prepuce that, once retracted, cannot be returned; edema occurs

17
Q

Balantitis

A

Inflammation of the glans

18
Q

Balanoposthitis

A

Inflammation of the glands and prepuce

19
Q

What can pubic or genital excoriations suggest?

A

Lice (crabs) or sometimes scabies

20
Q

Hypospadias

A

Congenital, ventral displacement of the meatus on the penis

21
Q

What occurs in gonococcal urethritis?

A

profuse yellow discharge; definitive diagnosis requires Gram stain and culture

22
Q

What occurs in nongonococcal urethritis?

A

scanty white or clear discharge; definitive diagnosis requires Gram stain and culture

23
Q

What is suggestive of urethral stricture or a possible carcinoma?

A

induration of the ventral surface of the penis

24
Q

What is suggestive of periurethral inflammation that is secondary to a urethral stricture?

A

tenderness in the indurated area

25
Q

What is suggestive of cryptoorchidism (undescended testicle)?

A

poor developed scrotum on one or both sides of testicles

26
Q

Common scrotal swellings

A

indirect inguinal hernias, hydroceles, scrotal edema, and testicular carcinoma (rare)

27
Q

Tender, painful scrotal swelling is present in what conditions?

A

acute epididymitis, acute orchitis, torsion of spermatic cord, or strangulated inguinal hernias

28
Q

any painless nodules in testis must raise a possibility of what condition?

A

Testicular cancer, a potentially curable cancer with peak incidence between the ages of 15-34 years old

29
Q

varicocele

A

indicated by multiple tortuous veins in spermatic cord area, usually on the left; may be palpable or even visible

30
Q

Hydrocele of the cord

A

Indicated by a cystic structure in the spermatic cord

31
Q

Chronically infected vas deferens

A

May feel thickened or beaded

32
Q

Swelling evaluation by transillumination

A

Swellings containing serous fluid (hydroceles), light up with a red glow, or transilluminate. Those containing blood or tissue, such as normal testis, a tumor or most hernias do not transilluminate.

33
Q

What is suggestive of a hernia?

A

A bulge that appears with straining

34
Q

Can you hear bowel sounds over a hernia? Over a hydrocele?

A

Bowel sounds can be heard over a hernia but not over a hydrocele

35
Q

What is an incarcenated hernia?

A

Content cannot be returned to the abdominal cavity

36
Q

What is a strangulated hernia?

A

When blood supply to the entrapped contents is compromised. Suspect in presence of tenderness, nausea, and vomiting; consider surgical intervention

37
Q

What is the most common form of cancer in men between ages 15-34 years old?

A

testicular carcinoma

Patient Assessment (18 decks)

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