Metabolism Conditions

Question 1

Macrovascular and micro vascular complications of T2DM

Answer 1

Macro - atherosclerosis, MI, hypertension, stroke

Micro - diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot and retinopathy.

Question 2

Briefly explain kwashiorkor and marasmus.

Answer 2

Marasmus - dry thin hair, emaciated, no abdo distension, low fat and muscle.

Kwashiorkor - abdo distension due to decrease albumin production as hardly any protein in body - decreased oncotic pressure

Question 3

What are the 3 main presenting features of T1DM ? Explain why each of these occur.

Answer 3

Weight loss - there is progressive lack of insulin and so therefore circulating glucose cannot get into the cells, so therefore they start to metabolise other sources and gluconeogenesis occurs which causes weight loss.

Polyuria - excessive urine due to more glucose present in the proximal nephron, which is not reabsorbed. Therefore due to osmosis, water is not reabsorbed and there is excessive urine production.

Polydipsia - increase in thirst due to Polyuria. These patients often present and are unbelievably thirsty.