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Musculoskeletal System > Microbiology- Bacterial Infections > Flashcards

Microbiology- Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is reactive arthritis?

A

An immunologic response caused from bacteria elsewhere in the body.

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2
Q

True or False: In reactive arthritis, bacteria in the joint cause the symptoms.

A

False. The bacteria are elsewhere in the body.

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3
Q

What are the 2 common triggers of reactive arthritis?

A

enteric infections (Jack in the Box) and STI’s (Jack in the Butt)

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4
Q

Klebsiella infections can cause what type of reactive arthritis condition?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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5
Q

What surface antigen is similiar to Klebsiella Ag’s, which cross-reacts with immune cells to cause ankylosing spondylitis?

A

HLA B27

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6
Q

What is septic arthritis?

A

It’s when bacteria in the blood travel and infects the joint DIRECTLY.

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7
Q

What are some common etiolgies of septic arthritis?

A

trauma, but often unknown

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8
Q

What is the most common bacteria that causes septic arthritis?

A

staph

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9
Q

What populations are at risk for septic arthritis?

A

elderly, immunocompromised

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10
Q

Campylobacter- gram stain

A

negative

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11
Q

Campylobacter- shape

A

curved or S-shaped

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12
Q

Campylobacter- agar growth

A

42 degrees on campy agar

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13
Q

Campylobacter- urease test

A

negative

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14
Q

Yersinia- gram stain

A

negative

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15
Q

Yersinia- lactose test

A

non-fermenter

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16
Q

Yersinia- temperature which it’s motile

A

25 degrees, not 37

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17
Q

Salmonellae- gram stain

A

negative

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18
Q

Salmonellae- morphology

A

motile, has flagella

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19
Q

Salmonellae- lactose test

A

non-fermenter

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20
Q

Salmonellae- oxidase test

A

negative

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21
Q

Salmonellae- H2S test

A

+

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22
Q

Shigella- gram stain

A

neg

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23
Q

Shigella- motility

A

non-motile

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24
Q

Shigella- lactose test

A

non-fermenter

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25
Q

Shigella- H2S test

A

neg

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26
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- gram stain

A

neither + or -, it’s an obligate intracellular

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27
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- iodine stain

A

+ with inclusion bodies

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28
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- giemsa stain

A

+

29
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis- associated syndrome

A

Reiter’s syndrome

30
Q

What are the Sx of Reiter’s syndrome?

A

conjunctivitis, UTI’s, mucocutaneous lesions. (Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree)

31
Q

To diagnose septic arthritis, synovial fluid is tested +. What type of bacteria could be the causitive agent (in 75% of the cases)?

A

A gram + bacteria

32
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea septic arthritis- population

A

younger, sexually active individuals (75% of the cases)

33
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea septic arthritis- Sx

A

fever, pain in multiple joints, multiple skin lesions

34
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea septic arthritis- synovial fluid culture test

A

negative

35
Q

What is the most common cause of non-gonococcal septic arthritis in adults and children?

A

Staph. aureus

36
Q

S. viridans and pneumoniae (group B) are secondary to S. aureus and cause what % of the cases of septic arthritis?

A

20%

37
Q

What % of untreated lyme disease patients develop arthritis?

A

60%

38
Q

Staphylococcus aureus- gram stain

A

+

39
Q

Staphylococcus aureus- catalase test

A

+

40
Q

Staphylococcus aureus- coagulase test

A

+

41
Q

Streptococci- gram stain

A

+

42
Q

Streptococci- catalase test

A

-

43
Q

What are the 2 beta-hymolytic Streptococci?

A

pyogenes and agalactiae

44
Q

S. pyogenes- bacitracin test

A

sensitive

45
Q

S. agalactiae- bacitracin test

A

resistant

46
Q

What are the 3 alpha-hymolytic Streptococci?

A

pneumoniae, mutans, intermedius

47
Q

S. pneumoniae- optochin test

A

sensitive

48
Q

Mutans and intermedius- optochin test

A

resistant

49
Q

Haemophilus influenza- gram stain

A

-

50
Q

Haemophilus influenza- shape

A

coccobacilli

51
Q

Haemophilus influenza- Quellung test

A

+

52
Q

Haemophilus influenza- culture

A

chocolate agar, requires X and V factors

53
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis- acid-fast test

A

+

54
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis- shape

A

thin rods, non motile

55
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis- aerobic or anaerobic

A

obligate aerobe

56
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi- shape

A

spirochete

57
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi- tests

A

giemsa and silver stain

58
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi- aerobe or anaerobe

A

microaerophilic

59
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi- serology

A

ELISA, western blot

60
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

infection of the bone and bone marrow

61
Q

What is the most common bacteria in osteomyelitis?

A

S. aureus

62
Q

Osteomyelitis- Tx

A

diffcult, usually by surgery

63
Q

What is the epidemiology of acute osteomyelitis in children?

A

2 cases/10,000 children (typically in lower extremities)

64
Q

What is the epidemiology of chronic osteomyelitis in the population?

A

2 cases/10,000 (mostly in diabetics)

65
Q

What are the 2 routes of infection for osteomyelitis?

A

hematogeneous, direct spread after injury/surgery

66
Q

What are the Sx of hematogeneous osteomyelitis?

A

fever, chills, lethargy, local inflammation

67
Q

What are the Sx of direct osteomyelitis?

A

occurs 1 month after trauma/surgery, low-grade fever, pain, drainage, bone necrosis and soft tissue dmg. difficult to Tx.

68
Q

What are the Sx of chronic osteomyelitis?

A

chronic local pain, sequestrum (necrotic bone) surrounded by involcrum (new bone sheath)

69
Q

I wanted

A

to end at 69 cards

Musculoskeletal System (8 decks)

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