Mosbys Chapter 22

Question 1

a dental hygienist observes clinical findings that may indicate child abuse. her employer refuses to report the abuse and suggests if the dental hygienist does take action, she may lose her job. the dental hygienist decides to report the abuse. which of the following ethical theories do the dental hygienist’s actions BEST follow?

Answer 1

rule deontology

Question 2

which of the following statements from the ADHA Code of Ethics provides guidance to the dental hygienist about obligations to report cases of suspected abuse or violence against adults, children, or both?

Answer 2

comply with local, state, and federal statues that promote public health and safety; serve as an advocate for the welfare of clients

Question 3

following a discussion with a client concerning proposed dental hygiene treatment, including the treatment alternatives, risks and benefits, and outcomes, the client accepts and signs an informed consent form. which of the ethical principles guiding oral health care did the process of obtaining informed consent satisfy?

Answer 3

autonomy

Question 4

the dental hygiene treatment plan includes root planning and scaling, using a local anesthetic agent. the client repeatedly indicates that the dental hygienist “need not work below the gumline.” the dental hygienist continues to educate the client about the appropriate treatment. which of the following ethical principles is guiding the dental hygienist in the interactions with the client

Answer 4

beneficence

Question 5

a local dental hygiene component society collaborates with the faculty in a dental hygiene program conducting a research project about the impact of a new mouthrinse on burning mouth syndrome in periomenopausal women. which of the following characteristics of a profession does this research project support?

Answer 5

intellectual work and promotion of a body of knowledge in the field

Question 6

a client Bill of Rights provides:

Answer 6

an outline of client expectations and guidelines for provider conduct

Question 7

the Hippocrates’ Code of Ethics is an example of an early ethical code that advocated that health providers should do no harm. which universal ethical principle best identifies the supports this recommendation?

Answer 7

nonmaleficence

Question 8

a dental hygienist performs a procedure on a client that is outside the state’s defined scope of practice. following a hearing by the state’s dental hygiene committee, the dental hygienist’s license is suspended for 6 months. as required by state law, the information about the suspension is posted on a Web site that publishes license status and is available to the public. which of the following characteristics of f profession do these actions support?

Answer 8

self-regulation

Question 9

a state dental board or dental hygiene committee monitors the behavior of licensed oral health care providers and recommends sanctions for individuals who violate a state dental practice act because:

Answer 9

state boards or dental hygiene committees are created for the protection of the public

Question 10

a city council votes to allocate health department funds for a dental sealant program. after consultation with appropriate individuals, the council determines that children enrolled in either a hot lunch program or a stat-funded program for medical services for children from low-income families should receive the sealants. on which principle of allocation of resources is this determination based?

Answer 10

Need

Question 11

a dental hygienist has allegations of professional misconduct reported to the state board. a hearing is conducted, and the dental hygienist has an opportunity to hear the allegations and respond to therm. these actions best demonstrate.

Answer 11

protection of due process

Question 12

a former client brings a lawsuit against a dental hygienist for negligence. the client alleges the indent occurred 10 years ago. the state has designed a specific period of only 2 years in which a lawsuit for negligence can be filed. this defined period of time is known as:

Answer 12

statue of limitations

Question 13

a client is scheduled with the dentist who examines the client, develops a treatment plan, and obtains informed consent. the client nods in agreement and indicates that he or she will be scheduling further appointments. on the basis of the dentist’s and client’s actions, which of the following may exist?

Answer 13

implied contract

Question 14

a dental hygienist is seeking to apply for a dental hygiene license in the state in which the hygienist recently relocated. the license application asks the applicant to indicate whether he has been convicted of any felonies. a felony is:

Answer 14

a serious crime that involved a fine of more than 1000 and imprisonment of more than 1 year

Question 15

a(n) offense is a wrongful act against a person for which financial satisfaction is sought whereas a(n) offense is a wrongful act against society.

Answer 15

civil; criminal

Question 16

a dental provider and a client discuss a proposed dental hygiene treatment plan. the written plan outlines the treatment, the fees, the client’s financial obligations, and the expectations of the provider concerning the client’s responsibilities. the provider and client sign the treatment plan. the situation BEST describes:

Answer 16

an express contract

Question 17

a dental office employs a dental hygiene student approximately 6 months before graduation. the dentist in the office was scheduled to provide a maintenance visit with a client. however, an emergency client is also waiting to be assessed for care. the dentist asks the dental hygiene student to provide a “quick cleaning.” which of the following contractual responsibilities to the client is the dentist violating?

Answer 17

delegating responsibilities to an unlicensed individual

Question 18

the trial for a dental hygienist alleged to have committed negligence is complete. the judge prepares to give the jury instructions specifically the level of proof that the jury must consider to make their decision about the guilt or innocence of the defendant. which of the following levels of proof will the judge inform the jury that they should consider in their deliberations?

Answer 18

preponderance of the evidence

Question 19

a client’s contractual responsibilities include:

Answer 19

the client must provide truthful answers concerning health status, must cooperate in care, and must pay an appropriate fee

Question 20

a new client presents to the dental office for treatment. client demographic and clinical data are collected and reviewed by the dentist and the dental hygienist who together determine that the case is too complex for the office to handle and suggest the client seek another provider. the client is informed that he or she will not be accepted into the practice. which statement BEST describes this situation?

Answer 20

the dentist can decline accepting the client

Question 21

a dental hygienist has a number of mannerisms that include purposefully using a loud voice and waving syringes and handpieces in a threatening manner. the dental hygienist is aware of the actions and the potential impact it may have on a client. which of the following intentional torts may the dental hygienist be accused of?

Answer 21

assault

Question 22

adam is scheduled for sealants on his four first molars. the chart indicates that adam is somewhat uncooperative during dental appointments. as the appointment progresses, the dental hygienist and the dental assistant become more aggravated at adam’s uncooperative actions. during the appointment the assistant holds Adam’s hands down. At one point, the dental hygienist firmly takes Adam’s chin to position his face. at the end of the appointment, red marks are seen on Adam’s hands and cheeks. as he enters the reception area, Adam’s mother looks at her son and says to the assistant, “what did you do to my son?” which of the following might the dental hygienist and the assistant be accused of?

Answer 22

battery

Question 23

all of the following make up the key elements of obtaining an informed refusal EXCEPT one. which one is the EXCEPTION?

Answer 23

the form must be printed

Question 24

the dental hygienist is root planning and scaling and removes a portion of a client’s amalgam during the procedure. the dental hygienist fails to inform the client who later experiences pain and swallows a portion of the remaining restoration. the intentional tort committed is:

Answer 24

misrepresentation

Question 25

a dentist colleague of yours is accused of a serious criminal violation against a client. following the trial, the jury will be asked to judge the facts and make a decision based on the standard:

Answer 25

beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 26

the client fails to pay the balance due on the dental treatment charges in spite of repeated notices. which of the following civil violation occurred?

Answer 26

breach of contract

Question 27

a 17 year old client presents to the practice for an appointment. he indicates that he is employed, is living in an apartment, and does not rely on his parents or family members for financial support. This BEST describes

Answer 27

an emancipated minor

Question 28

a dental employer has the dental license suspended by the board of dentistry for inappropriate delegation to a dental staff employee. this adverse action requires:

Answer 28

a report filed with the National Practitioner Data Bank

Question 29

a dental office receives a request for a copy of dental records to assist in identifying recently discovered human remains. for which of the following purposes are the dental records bein used?

Answer 29

Resource in forensic identification

Question 30

the importance of confidentiality about client information has been supported by the:

Answer 30

HITECH

Question 31

Dr. miller recently joined a private practice as a partner. the office staff can check email or order supplies using the internet from a computer in the staff lounge. the staff, mostly female, use the staff lounge to eat their lunch. during lunch, der. miller frequently logs on to read his email. he usually reads his email, laughs out loud, and without anyone asking, proceeds to read some of the jokes, poems, and “stories” out loud. most of the jokes would be considered crude or inappropriate. which of the following types of sexual harassment may be occurring in this office.

Answer 31

Hostile environment

Question 32

a dental hygienist is terminated from a full-time position in a dental office with 25 employees. the dental hygienist suspects the reason for the termination is based on age, as the dental hygienist recently turned 65. which of the following federal regulations provides legal protections for the employee?

Answer 32

age discrimination act of 1967

Question 33

the state legislature of a Midwest state recently passed legislation to increase the reimbursement for dental services. the services are provided by dentists in the state and funded by the social services division of the state public health department. this increased support was the result of the identification of increased dental needs for citizens in the state and inability to identify providers willing to provide care because reimbursement rates were minimal. which of the following aspects of creating public health policy do the actions of the state legislature support?

Answer 33

action

Question 34

a dental provider is informed that he will be facing a hearing concerning an allegation that the provider violated the state dental practice act. the notice provides the date of the hearing and indicates that the provider will have an opportunity to respond to the allegations. this situation BEST describes:

Answer 34

protections provided by Due process

Question 35

the level of care a reasonably prudent practitioner would provide in the same or similar circumstances BEST describes

Answer 35

standard of care

Question 36

an employer indicates that an employee will be eligible for a raise if he or she agrees to some request of sexual nature. which type of sexual harassment does this BEST describes?

Answer 36

hostile environment

Question 37

to assist in maintaining competence and reduce the risks of malpractice allegations, it is advisable for a dental provider to:

Answer 37

participate in continuing education courses

Question 38

a client requests and is allowed to review her dental record. which of the following regulations support this?

Answer 38

HIPAA

Question 39

a dental hygienist realizes that an entry made 2 days ago in a client’s dental recorded incorrectly recorded the number of carpules that were used for anesthesia the dental hygienist obtains the record to correct the entry. which is the appropriate method to make a correction?

Answer 39

indicated a correction to the previous entry, and write the correct information on the next available line

Question 40

all of the following statements accurately explain some aspect of ethics EXCEPT one. which one is the EXCEPTION?

Answer 40

society is governed by the rules and regulations developed to protect its citizens from harm

Question 41

a dental provider accepts a client and during the course of treatment decides not to complete the treatment because of an antagonistic relationship with the client. which of the following has occurred?

Answer 41

client abandonment

Question 42

a dental provider seeking to obtain informed consent discusses the diagnosis; proposed treatment, including risks and benefits; and anticipated outcomes of the treatment and allows the client to ask questions and provides answers. which element of informed consent is lacking?

Answer 42

offering information about alternative forms or treatment

Question 43

Legislation is passed in a state to allow dental hygienist to administer local anesthetic agents under the direct supervision of a dentist. direct supervision requires that a licensed dentist has authorized the procedure and:

Answer 43

remains on the premises while the procedure is being done and checks the client before dismissal

Question 44

which of the following expanded HIPPA’s privacy and security provisions by requiring notification of breaches or unauthorized disclosures of the PHI?

Answer 44

HITECH Act

Question 45

what type of professional liability insurance should a dental hygienist purchase?

Answer 45

Occurrence-based policy

Question 46

a trial for negligence results in a dental provider being found guilty. the judge awards damages for pain and suffering to the defendant. which of the following types of damages were awarded?

Answer 46

general damages

Question 47

all of the following are recommended personal risk management strategies EXCEPT one. which one is the EXCEPTION?

Answer 47

relying on employers for information about scope of practice and legal responsibilities

Question 48

an insurance program that is regulated by the state’s insurance commission to protect employee if they become seriously ill or injured as a result of conditions in the workplace BEST describes:

Answer 48

worker’s compensation insurance

Question 49

a dental hygienist is informed that the employment situation is “at will.” the employment situation is BEST described as:

Answer 49

the employee can be terminated without notice

Question 50

a dental hygienist relocates to another state and applies for dental hygiene license. to obtain a license, the dental hygienist must take and the dental hygiene licensing examination. which of the following regulatory board duties does this situation BEST describe? the board’s duty to:

Answer 50

implement mechanisms to measure applicant competence