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Skin > Norton Part 5 > Flashcards

Norton Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

dermatofibroma is also known as what

A

benign fibrous histiocytoma

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2
Q

dermatofibromas are what type of lesion and appear how

A

benign lesion, slow growing
single or multiple
flesh-colored to pigmented papule

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3
Q

dermatofibromas are common where

A

lower legs

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4
Q

the “dimple sign” is commonly seen in what and what is it

A

dermatofibromas

it depresses when squeezed

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5
Q

what can be puritic and patients may complain it bleeds when they shave

A

dermatofibroma

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6
Q

dermatofibromas are what

A

fibrous reaction to some past trauma to the skin

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7
Q

what histological features are seen in dermatofibromas

A

benign proliferations of fibroblasts with collagen

may be overlying hyperkeratosis and hyper pigmentation (gives reddish brown color)

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8
Q

what is the primary fibrosarcoma of the skin

A

dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

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9
Q

what characteristics are seen dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

A

locally aggressive but rarely metastasizes
hypercellular
overlying epidermis is thinned

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10
Q

dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is found in what layers and appears how

A

expends from dermis into subcutaneous fat into a “honeycomb” pattern

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11
Q

fibroblasts in a pinwheel pattern can be seen in what

A

dermatofibrosarcoma

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12
Q

what are the tumors of the dermis

A

dermatofibroma

dermatofibrosarcoma

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13
Q

mycosis fungoides is what the of cancer

A

t cell lymphoma that presents in the skin and may evolve into a generalized lymphoma

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14
Q

mycosis fungoides is usually in what age group and found where

A

over 40 years old

usually on trunk

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15
Q

what are the stages of mycosis fungoides

A

patch (early)- scaly, red-brown
plaque- raised, indurated, irregular, red, scaly
nodule (tumor)- fungating, red-brown; multiple large nodules often correlates with systemic spread

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16
Q

what histological features are seen in mycosis fungoides

A

T-helper cells (CD4+ sezary cells) form bands in superficial dermis
invade epidermis as single cells or small clusters (paltrier micro abscesses)
nodular lesions grow deeply into dermis and spread asymmetrically

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17
Q

Pautrier micro abscesses are what and found in what

A

T helper cells invading epidermis as single cells or small clusters
seen in mycosis fungoides

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18
Q

what types of mastocytosis are there

A

urticaria pigmentosa

systemic mastocytosis

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19
Q

urticaria pigmentosa is usually in what patients

A

children

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20
Q

over 50% of mastocytosis cases are what

A

urticaria pigmentosa

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21
Q

urticaria pigmentosa presents as what

A

multiple mastocytomas- round too oval, red-brown papule and plaques, pruritic and may blister
appear shortly after birth

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22
Q

systemic mastocytosis is usually in what patients

A

adults

23
Q

systemic mastocytosis presents as what

A

skin lesions similar to urticaria pigmentosa plus multi-organ mast cell infiltration (bone marrow, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes)

24
Q

Darier sign is what

A

wheal (dermal edema and erythema) when skin lesion is rubbed

25
Q

Darier sign is associated with what

A

mastocytosis

26
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of mastocytosis

A

darier sign
dermatographism
in systemic- pruritis and flushing triggered by certain foods drugs, EtOH, temp changes

27
Q

what is dermatogrpahism and when is it seen

A

hive occurs when normal skin is stroked with a pointed instrument
seen in mastocytosis

28
Q

fried egg cells are commonly seen in what

A

mastocytosis

29
Q

what histological features are seen in mastocytosis

A

metachromatic granules with dendritic mast cells
monomorphous dermal infiltrate
no epidermatoropism
“freid egg cells”

30
Q

what stain helps visualize mast cell granules

A

giemsa

31
Q

congenital ichthyosis can be due to what

A

congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (AR)
lamellar ichthyosis (AR)
X-linked ichthyosis
ichthyosis vulgaris (AD or acquired)

32
Q

how can ichthyosis be acquired

A

ichthyosis vulgaris (associated with lymphoid and visceral malignancies)

33
Q

what histological features are seen in all ichthyosis

A

build up of compacted stratum corneum with loss of basket-weave pattern

34
Q

in what type of ichthyosis have stratus granulosum normal to slightly thickened

A

lamellar
x-linked
congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma

35
Q

in what type of ichthyosis have stratus granulosum thin or absent

A

ichthyosis vulgaris

36
Q

urticaria (hives) present with what

A

wheals (pruritic papules to edematous plaques)

lesions develop and disappear within hours but episodes may last for days to weeks

37
Q

urticaria is due to what

A

mast cell degranulation and subsequent microvascular hyperpermeability

38
Q

urticaria is common at what sites

A

trunk, extremities, ears

39
Q

what is the pathogenesis of urticaria

A

antigen-induced mast cell degranulation through sensitization with specific IgE antibodies

40
Q

urticaria follows exposure to what

A

multiple allergens (pollens, foods, drugs, insect venom)

41
Q

what histological features are seen in urticaira

A

superficial dermal perivenular infiltrare (neutrophils early then mononuclear)
collagen bundles are more widely spread due to dermal edema
dilated lymphatics from absorption of edema fluid
usually no epidermal changes

42
Q

what is contact dermatitis

A

inflammatory reaction caused by an exogenous chemical

43
Q

what forms of contact dermatitis are there

A

irritant and allergic

44
Q

irritant contact dermatitis is produced by what

A

substance that has direct toxic effects on the skin (acid detergents, alkalis, frequent hand washing)
not an immunologic condition

45
Q

irritant contact dermatitis the rash starts when

A

shortly after exposure

46
Q

allergic contact dermatitis is due to what

A

cell-mediated, delated-type hypersensitivity reaction (Type IV)

47
Q

what cells are mediating allergic contact dermatitis

A

langerhans cells (take up antigen on skin surface)
move via dermal lymphatics
present to CD4+ T cells

48
Q

sensitization occurs when in allergic contact dermatitis

A

1-2 week after 1st eposure

49
Q

reexposure causes dermatitis when in allergic contact dermatitis

A

hours to days

50
Q

what are common allergens that produce allergic contact dermatitis

A

poison ivy, mangos, iodine, nickel, rubber, cosmetics

51
Q

what is urushiol

A

common allergenic substance produced in allergic contact dermatitis

52
Q

describe the fluid in the vesicles of allergic contact dermatitis

A

does not contain allergen and cannot induce disease in others

53
Q

what are the clinical features of allergic contact dermatitis

A

erythematous papule and vesicles with oozing crusting and scaling
very pruritic

54
Q

how is allergic contact dermatitis diagnoses

A 
clinically based on H&P, job, hobbies
patch testing (non responsive rash or recurring rash)

Skin (12 decks)

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