Nutrition through Human Growth and Development

Question 0

Daily recommended intake of folate

Answer 0

Women of childbearing age - 400 mgc folic acid

During pregnancy - 600 mgc

Question 1

Biochemical role of folate

Answer 1

• Essential for normal cell differentiation

Question 2

Folate deficiency (1/1000 births) leads to…

Answer 2

Malformation of CNS

Can result in ancephalopathy/spina bifida

Question 3

What is the animal form of Vitamin A

Answer 3

Retinol

Question 4

Vitamin A toxicity (cod liver oil) can lead to what effects during pregnancy?

Answer 4

Birth defects
Spontaneous abortion
Influences embryogenesis

Question 5

Fetal Origins Hypothesis of Chronic Disease Risk

Answer 5

• Exposure to adverse nutritional conditions during critical growth affect body structure in fetus
• Programming for chronic disease
  ex: Low birth weight infants related to heart disease, stroke

Question 6

Mechanisms of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 6

• Bone mineral metabolism of calcium
• Breast milk inadequate in vitamin D
• Increased awareness of importance of sunblock to prevent skin cancer (but also vitamin D activation)

Question 7

What is the recommended supplement dose of vitamin D for breast fed infants?

Answer 7

200 IU

Question 8

Best lab to test for levels of vitamin D

Answer 8

25-Hydroxy

Question 9

Characteristics of an essential fatty acid deficiency

Answer 9

• Linoleic (omega-6) and alpha-linoleic (omega-3) shortage (cannot be synthesized)
• Develops between 2-10 days in infants/children
• Develops around 10-20 days in adults
• Prevented with 3% calories from fat

Question 10

Symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency?

Answer 10

Compromised wound healing
Slowed growing
Dry scaly skin

Question 11

Decreased calcium deposits in bone mass increase risk for

Answer 11

Osteoporosis

Question 12

Adequate calcium intake
9-18 y/o:
19-50 y/o:

Answer 12

9-18 y/o: 1300 mg

19-50 y/o: 1000 mg

Question 13

What can interfere with calcium absorption?

Answer 13

Phytates in grains

Iron supplements

Question 14

Dietary Reference Intakes
DRI:
EAR:
RDA:
AI:
UL:

Answer 14

DRI: Dietary Reference Intakes
EAR: Estimated Average Requirement
RDA: Recommended Dietary Allowances
AI: Adequate Intake
UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level