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Sam: Emergency Medicine > Ocular Emergencies -- SD > Flashcards

Ocular Emergencies -- SD Flashcards

1
Q

Small vessel rupture that causes bleeding under the conjunctiva

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

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2
Q

Are subconjunctival hemorrhages painful?

A

No

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3
Q

Is the eyelid or iris affected with a subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

No

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4
Q

How do we treat subconjunctival hemorrhages?

A

We don’t – resolves on their own

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5
Q

Patient presents with a foreign body sensation when blinking, what is it?

A

Corneal abrasion

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6
Q

How do we treat a corneal abrasion?

A

Remove any foreign body, irrigate eye if indicated, abx ointment, and pain medications.

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7
Q

Can a patient with a corneal abrasion wear their contacts?

A

no

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8
Q

Patient comes in and says it hurts to blink and they can point to a pinpoint area of pain – Dx?

A

Corneal foreign body

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9
Q

What are some foreign body removal techniques?

A

Cotton tip applicator, 18 gauge needle, alger brush

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10
Q

Blood in the anterior champber

A

Hyphema

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11
Q

What is a hyphema caused by?

A

iris root vessel ruptures

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12
Q

Is a hyphema typically caused by a traumatic injury?

A

yes

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13
Q

How do we treat a hyphema?

A

Elevate head of bed to allow blood to settle

measure and control IOP

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14
Q

IOP greater than ____ is concerning

A

20

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15
Q

Tetracaine helps superficial for deep eye pain?

A

Superficial only! this can help you decipher between surface problems or deeper eye problems

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16
Q

Iris protruding through globe

A

Ruptured globe

17
Q

What do we do when evaluating a hyphema that we do NOT use when evaluating a ruptured goal.

A

Measure IOP – do NOT measure IOP with a ruptured globe

18
Q

How to chemical burns typically present?

A

Similar to corneal abrasions – typically 6-12 hours after the incident

19
Q

What is the vital sign for the eye?

A

Visual acuity

20
Q

What are the take home points of ocular emergencies?

A
  1. Constant vigilance for signs of rupture globe and/or deep eye injury
  2. Watch for entrapment with blunt trauma
  3. Visual acuity is the vital signs for the eye
  4. Be comfortable with all parts of the eye exam
21
Q

How do we diagnose a chemical burn?

A

You will see superficial punctate keratitis on fluorescein dye exam with slit lamp

22
Q

What is the cause of acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

elevated IOP

23
Q

How do we treat acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

Rapid IOP reduction!!

24
Q

Can we restore vision loss lost from acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

Nope

25
Q

what is the most common cause of blindness in the western world?

A

Herpes simplex keratitis

26
Q

Antivirals or steroids to treat herpes simplex keratitis?

A

Antivirals, NO STEROIDS

Sam: Emergency Medicine (12 decks)

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