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Toxicology > Past q 04.11.11 > Flashcards

Past q 04.11.11 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic for mercury?

A

Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria

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2
Q

Which statement is true?

A

The Phase I reactions are catalysed only by microsomal enzymes

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3
Q

Which factor influences the presentation of toxic effect at the site of target point?

A

Both
 The blood supply of the target point
 They physico-chemical properties of the xenobiotic

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4
Q

Which substance is an alkaloid?

A

Lupinin

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5
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by butterfly toxins?

A

The hair causes keratoconjunctivitis in the eye

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6
Q

What is not characteristic of acute nitrophenol poisoning?

A 
 Blood has a cherry red colour
Characteristic:
 Salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain
 The urine has a dark yellowish colour
 Elevated body temperature
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7
Q

Which statement is true for non-steroidal anti0inflamamtory drugs?

A

None of the above
Neither:
 Acetylcysteine can be used as an antidote in the case of salicylate toxicosis nor
 The toxic dose is usually lower in dogs than in cats

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8
Q

What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of zearalenone?

A

Both
 Zearalenone excreted by bile can be reabsorbed which prolongs its effect
 It is well absorbed in the body and can pass through the placenta

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9
Q

? groups or substances is taken up by pneumocytes in the ?

A

Paraquat

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10
Q

Which compounds cause perforation of gastrointestinal tract after oral intake?

A

Both
 Acids
 Alkalis

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11
Q

Which is a clinical feature of paracetamol toxicosis?

A

None of the above
Neither:
 In cats the clinical signs can be seen after 1 week nor
 Visible mucous membranes have a reddish discolouration

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12
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning by atropine-containing…?

A

Both
 Gastric lavage, activate charcoal
 Respiratory stimulants

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13
Q

What are the gross pathological findings in hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?

A

Both
 The corpse has rotten egg odour
 The blood is dark, blood clotting is prolonged

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14
Q

What is the consequence if a xenobiotic binds to the components of the blood?

A

The concentration of free molecules are decreased

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15
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Both
 The binding of xenobiotic to soluble enzyme leads to enzyme inhibition
 Biochemical processes do not start when the xenobiotic binds to the soluble enzymes

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16
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Blue star?

A

Both
 Mydriasis
 Hypotension

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17
Q

Which animal is the most sensitive to pyrethroids?

A

Fish

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18
Q

Which antidote is useful in arsenic poisoning?

A

Dimercaprol

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19
Q

What is the recommended dose of methylene blue in nitrate-nitrite poisoning?

A

5 – 10 mg/kg BW

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20
Q

Which of the following mechanisms of effect is characteristic to alpha-naphtyl-thiourea?

A

Increasing the permeability of pulmonary capillaries

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21
Q

Which is a clinical feature of paracetamol toxicosis?

A

Oedema of the cheek and limbs is frequent in cats

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22
Q

Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic for copper?

A

Causes lipid peroxidation in the membrane of erythrocyte and lysosomes

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23
Q

Which is characteristic to urea?

A

Both
 Ammonia released from it is detoxified via urea cycle in the liver
 In an alkaline milieu, the released ammonia is present mainly in the non-ionic form

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24
Q

Which statement is true?

A

There are retrograde barbs on the lancet of bees

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25
Q

What does not characterize the mechanism of action of the organochlorines?

A

 Certain organochlorines can influence the serotonin system
Characteristic:
 Non-specific CSN stimulant
 The exact mechanism of action is…
 Certain organochlorines inhibit the…receptors

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26
Q

Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to metaldehyde?

A

Both
 Decreasing the concentration of neurotransmitters in the synapses
 Severe irritation of GI tract

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26
Q

Which plant is known to cause kidney damage?

A

Lamb’s quarter

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26
Q

Which is considered a ‘lethal synthesis’ in the liver?

A

Diazoxin is formed from diazinon

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26
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning by Sweet clover?

A

Both
 Blood transfusion
 Calcium products

26
Q

What kind of treatment would you apply in paracetamol toxicosis?

A

Both
 Acetylcystein
 Vitamin C

26
Q

Which is a toxicosis of human source?

A

Industrial contaminants

26
Q

Which substance or group of substances causes a yellow color of hair, intestinal epithelium and
stomach-gut content?

A

Nitrophenols

26
Q

Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to hydrogen sulphide?

A

Causes local irritation and cytotoxic anoxia

26
Q

What is the effect of the venom of viperid snakes?

A

Both
 Neurotoxic
 Cardiotoxic

26
Q

Which statement is true to passive diffusion?

A

Both
 The lipid soluble and non-ionized molecules can pass through the membrane
 The energy source of this process is the concentration gradient

26
Q

What is a clinical characteristic of acute diquat poisoning?

A

Both
 Severe diarrhea
 Pronounced thirst

26
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of zearalenone poisoning?

A

Prostaglandin F2 alpha

26
Q

Which compound is found in the venom of Formica spp.?

A

Formic acid

26
Q

What is a clinical characteristic of acute diquat poisoning?

A

Both
 Severe diarrhea
 Pronounced thirst

27
Q

What is the recommended dose of deferoxamine in iron poisoning?

A

20 mg/kg BW

27
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Bleeding heart?

A

Both
 Opisthotonus
 Hyper-excitability

27
Q

Which antidote is a chelating agent?

A

Dimercaprol

27
Q

Which pathological alteration is characteristic in urea poisoning?

A

Both
 Pulmonary edema, congested lungs, liver dystrophy
 High alkaline pH of rumen

27
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite?

A

The methaemoglobin formed is not capable of transporting oxygen

27
Q

Which statement is true?

A

The genetic sensitivity influences the development of teratogenic alterations

27
Q

What may be the causes of teratogenic alterations?

A

Both
 Lead
 Organic mercury

27
Q

Which type of accumulation is characteristic to organophosphates?

A

Biological accumulation

27
Q

Which compounds causes perforation of gastrointestinal tract after oral intake?

A

Both
 Acid
 Alkalis

27
Q

Which statement is not true for anticoagulant rodenticides?

A

 Their toxicity is the same after single and multiple uptake
True:
 Pregnant and suckling animals are extremely sensitive to them
 They accumulate in the body after multiple uptake
 Poisoning can happen after the ingestion of poisoned rats

27
Q

Characteristic of the toxicokinetics of organophosphates:

A

Excellent absorption from the skin

27
Q

Which drug can be used in the treatment of organochlorine poisoning

A

Diazepam

27
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to Redroot pigweed?

A

Its component decreases the amount of calcium ions in the blood

27
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Monkshood spp.?

A

Both
 Salivation, nausea
 Cardiac arrhythmias

27
Q

Which animal organisms contain ciguatoxin?

A

Fish

27
Q

Which statement is true to nitrate-nitrite?

A

Nitrate can be converted to nitrite also in infected wells and stored drinking water

27
Q

Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic to mercury?

A

Binds to the sulfhydryl groups of proteins

27
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by viperid snakes?

A

Both
 Vasoconstrictor agents
 Glucocorticoids

27
Q

Which statement is true for metaldehyde?

A

During dissection acetaldehyde odour (formalin-like) can observed

27
Q

Which compounds can be excreted in high amounts through the kidney?

A

Water soluble, small molecule, non-ionized

27
Q

Which clinical feature is characteristic to nitrogen dioxide toxicosis?

A

Both
 Sneezing
 Frequent breathing

27
Q

Which antidote can be used in arsenic toxicosis?

A

Both
 Na thipsulphate
 Dimercaprol

27
Q

Which is a clinical feature of paracetamol toxicosis?

A

Neither
Neither:
 In cats the clinical signs can be seen after 1 week nor
 Visible mucous membranes have bright reddish discoloratio

27
Q

What is the recommended dose of fomepizole in ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

20 mg/kg BW

27
Q

What is a toxicosis of natural source?

A

Minerals

27
Q

What is the clinical characteristic of zearalenone poisoning?

A

Both
 Hyperemia, and swollen vulva, mammary gland and uterus
 Pseudo-pregnancy, infertility

27
Q

Which infusion would you recommend in ethylene glycol toxicosis?

A

NaHCO3 and Ringer lactate

27
Q

Which property influences the rate of passive diffusion?

A

Both
 The lipid solubility of the compound
 The thickness of the membrane

27
Q

Pralidoxim in the case of diazinon toxicosis:

A

D. Has to be administered intramuscularly within 24 hrs of exposure

27
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Both
 The binding of agonist xenobiotic to soluble enzyme induces cell function
 The binding of antagonist xenobiotic to soluble enzyme inhibits the effect of endogenous ligand

27
Q

Which plant has a hallucinogenic effect?

A

Blue star

71
Q

How would you treat xylitol toxicosis in animals?

A

Infusion containing glucose

Toxicology (8 decks)

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