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Toxicology > Past q2 14.10.09 > Flashcards

Past q2 14.10.09 Flashcards

1
Q

Which clinical sign is not characteristic to nitrate-nitrite poisoning?

A 
 Strychnine convulsions
Characteristic:
 Salvation, diarrhoea
 Cyanotic mucous membrane
 Ataxia
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2
Q

What is the most toxic part of Blue Star?

A

Seed

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3
Q

Which animal species is the most sensitive to atropine?

A

Both
 Cattle
 Horse

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4
Q

Which statement is true for phosphine and phosphides?

A

Both
 It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid thus enhancing its own toxicity
 The poisoning is mainly caused by phosphor hydrogen released from phosphides

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5
Q

To help restoration of normal function is characteristic of which antidote?

A

Both
 Pralidoxime
 Methylene blue

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6
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Selenium plays an important role in the antioxidant protection of the body

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7
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by viperid snakes?

A

Both
 Glucocorticoids
 Vasoconstrictor agents

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8
Q

Which substance is an alkaloid?

A

Colchicine

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9
Q

Which plant is known to cause damage primarily to the nervous system?

A

Horsetail spp.

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10
Q

Which animal species is the most sensitive to ionophore antibiotics?

A

Horse

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11
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Cycas spp.?

A

Both
 Bruising
 Cirrhosis

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12
Q

What kind of treatment would you apply in hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?

A

Both
 Antitussives
 Fresh air

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13
Q

Which antidote is useful against ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Both
 Ethanol
 Fomepizole

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14
Q

Which emetic agent is useful in cats?

A

Xylazine

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15
Q

Which is a clinical feature of anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?

A

Both
 Hypovolemic shock
 Forming of haematomas

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16
Q

Which property influence the rate of passive diffusion?

A

Both
 The surface size of the membrane
 The distribution coefficient of the compound

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17
Q

Which solution is useful for increasing tubular filtration?

A

Furosemide

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18
Q

Which is a toxicosis of human source?

A

Household products

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19
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of nitrate-nitrite poisoning?

A

Both
 Vasoconstrictor agents
 Methylene blue

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20
Q

What may be the cause of teratogenic alterations?

A

Both
 X-ray radiation
 Parvovirus

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21
Q

Which compound damages the cell membrane in a non-specific way?

A

Paraquat

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22
Q

Which clinical sign is not characteristic to ethylene glycol toxicosis?

A 
 Diarrhoea
Characteristic:
 Kidney failure
 Albuminuria
 Flaccid paralysis of hind limbs
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23
Q

Which pathological alteration is not characteristic in ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Liver failure
Characteristic:
 Calcium oxalate crystals are found on blood vessel walls of the brain
 Kidney failure
 Greyish line on the cutting surface of the kidney

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24
Q

After which time period are the clinical signs of Hemlock poisoning seen?

A

0.5 – 2 hours

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25
Q

Which process does not belong to Phase I reactions?

A 
Which process does not belong to Phase I reactions?
 Glucoronic conjugation
Belonging:
 Hydrolysis
 Reduction
 Microsomal oxidation
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26
Q

Which antidote is useful in copper poisoning?

A

D-penicillamine

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27
Q

Which substance is found in Philodendron spp.?

A

Calcium oxalate crystals

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28
Q

Which process does not belong to Phase I reactions?

A 
 Glutathione conjugation
Belonging:
 Hydration
 Carboxylation
 Isomerisation
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29
Q

What is characteristic of gametic mutation?

A

It is realised in offsprings

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30
Q

Which of the following is the most toxic substance of plant origin?

A

Glycoside

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31
Q

What kind of treatment would you use in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?

A

Both
 Ionized calcium compounds
 Blood transfusion

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32
Q

Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to carbon dioxide?

A

Neither

Neither Inhibits the action of cytochrome oxydase. Nor Forms carboxyhaemoglobin.

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33
Q

Which clinical feature is characteristic to nitrogen dioxide toxicosis?

A

Both
 Lacrimation, coughing
 Difficult breathing

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34
Q

What kind of treatment would you apply in salicylate toxicosis?

A

Alkalising the urine with Na-bicarbonate

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35
Q

Which clinical feature is characteristic to carbon monoxide toxicosis?

A

Neither
Neither:
 The expired air has a special odour nor
 Visible mucous membrane have brownish discolouration.

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36
Q

What are the gross pathological signs in paracetamol toxicosis?

A

Both
 Necrosis in the liver, icterus
 The blood has chocolate brownish discolouration

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37
Q

Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic for copper?

A

Causes lipid peroxidation in the membrane of erythrocytes and lysosomes

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38
Q

Which laboratory finding is characteristic to zearalenone poisoning?

A

Which laboratory finding is characteristic to zearalenone poisoning?

39
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by butterfly toxins?

A

Both
 The hair of butterflies induces irritation and pruritus of the skin
 Erythema and blister can be seen on the skin

40
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to fumonisins?

A

Both
 Fumonisin B1 inhibits sphinganine-N-acetyltransferase
 They inhibits calcium channels in myocardial cells.

41
Q

Which pathological alteration is characteristic to acute poisoning by Buckwheat?

A

Cerebral oedema, meningitis

42
Q

What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of aflatoxin?

A

Both
 Aflatoxins get absorbed by passive diffusion from the small intestine, mainly from duodenum
 Aflatoxin is not accumulated in the body, however, repeated uptake causes delirious effects

43
Q

What kind of treatment would you apply in methylxanthine toxicosis?

A

Acidification of urine

44
Q

Which statement is true?

A

They are retrograde barbs on the lancet of bees

45
Q

Which are the clinical signs of fumonisin poisoning in swine?

A

Dyspnoea, open mouth breathing

46
Q

What are the consequences of numerical aberrations caused by xenobiotics?

A

Both
 Methaemoglobin is not capable of oxygen transport
 Nitrate irritates mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract

47
Q

Which derivative of chlorinated biphenyls can be eliminated through the kidney with more than 50%?

A

Biphenyl

48
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite

A

Both
 Methaemoglobin is not capable of oxygen transport
 Nitrate irritates mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract

49
Q

Which antidote cannot be used in arsenic toxicosis?

A 
 Deferoxamine
Can use:
 Na thiosulphate
 Dimercaprol
 D-penicillamine
50
Q

What kind of treatment would you use in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?

A

Vitamin K1

51
Q

What is the recommended dose of 20% ethanol in ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

5 ml/kg bw

52
Q

Which statement is true?

A

After oral administration since can cause haemolysis, nephro- and hepatotoxicity

53
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Lead can be metabolized from the bones in acidosis.

54
Q

Which is a toxicosis of human source?

A

Pesticides

55
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of nitrate-nitrite poisoning?

A

Both
 Vitamin C
 Saline purgatives

56
Q

Which antidote can be used in copper toxicosis?

A

Both
 Ca Na EDTA
 D-penicillamine

57
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to fumonisins?

A

They inhibit calcium channels in myocardial cells and thus decrease contraction of the myocardium

58
Q

What is not characteristic to ethylene glycol?

A

What is not characteristic to ethylene glycol?
 Intravenously applied Pralidoxime is the antidote against it
Characteristic:
 Slightly sweet-tasting dihydric alcohol
 It is absorbed well and quickly from the gastrointestinal tract
 Cats are highly sensitive to it

59
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite?

A

Both
 Nitrate irritates mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract
 Methaemoglobin is not capably of oxygen transport

60
Q

Which statement is true?

A

The high calcium content of feed can reduce the absorption of certain compounds

61
Q

Which process does investigate the movement of the xenobiotic in the body?

A

Toxicokinetic process

62
Q

Which is a clinical feature of inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

A

Acute, rice watery diarrhoea

63
Q

What is characteristic of genotoxic carcinogens?

A

They do not have threshold dose.

64
Q

Which does induce teratogenic alterations in rabbits?

A

Thalidomide

65
Q

Which is a toxicosis of natural source?

A

Poisonous plants

66
Q

What does experimental toxicology deal with?

A

Mechanism of effect, disposition and analytical procedures of chemical substances.

67
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by poisonous lizards?

A

Both
 Severe pain
 Tachycardia

68
Q

Which clinical feature is characteristic to hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?

A

Both
 Sneezing, coughing
 Ataxia

69
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to urea?

A

Both
 It increases the serum level of sodium and potassium ions.
 It decreases the level calcium ions.

70
Q

Which statement is true?

A

The poisonous butterflies take up the venom from a plant during their development.

71
Q

Which compound is found in the venom of scorpions?

A

Both
 Phosphomonoesterase
 Phospholipase A2

72
Q

Which mould fungi produce zearalenone?

A

Fusarium spp.

73
Q

What is the consequence is a xenobiotic accumulates in the tissues?

A

Chronic poisoning

74
Q

Which statement is true for salicylates?

A

Both
 They are well absorbed from the stomach and small intestine
 They inhibit the aggregation of thrombocytes

75
Q

The emetic agents are contraindicated in:

A

Horses

76
Q

Which is not a clinical feature of phosphine toxicosis?

A 
 Bloody diarrhoea
Are clinical features:
 Profuse vomiting
 Pulmonary oedema
 Strychnine-like convulsions
77
Q

Which clinical signs are caused by Rhododendron spp.?

A

Both
 Vomiting, diarrhoea
 Trembling, staggering

78
Q

Which plant is known to cause damage primarily to the cardiovascular system?

A

Hellebore spp.

79
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Both
 Aconitine causes mydriasis.
 Aconitine inhibits nerve impulses in the heart.

80
Q

Which animal species is most sensitive to Secale cornutum?

A

Poultry

81
Q

Which antidote is useful in organophosphate poisoning?

A

Atropine sulphate

82
Q

What are the gross pathological signs in poisoning caused by anticoagulant rodenticides?

A

Haematomas and haemorrhages all over the body.

83
Q

Which plant causes damage primarily to the liver?

A

Groundsel spp.

84
Q

Which compounds cause liquefaction necrosis?

A

Neither
Neither:
 Acids nor
 Alkalis

85
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning by Foxglove species?

A

Potassium-containing electrolyte solution

86
Q

Which antidote is a chelating agent?

A

Dimercaprol

87
Q

Which is the most toxic trichothecene?

A

T-2 toxin

88
Q

Which substance has enzyme induction effect?

A

Rifampicin

89
Q

Rifampicin

A

Both
 Severely irritates the epithel of the respiratory tract.
 The formed nitric acid can cause serious inflammation

90
Q

What are the clinical signs of fumonisin poisoning in horse?

A

Nervous syndrome

91
Q

Nervous syndrome

A

Both
 Salivation, vomiting
 Trembling

92
Q

When can carbon dioxide be formed? Which statement is true?

A

Neither
Neither:
 In air with smog via photochemical reactions nor
 Incomplete combustion of organic compounds

93
Q

What kind of treatment would you apply in sulphur dioxide toxicosis?

A

Fresh air, oxygen supplementation

94
Q

When can carbon dioxide be formed? Which statement is true?

A

Neither
Neither:
 In air with smog via photochemical reactions nor
 Incomplete combustion of organic compounds.

Toxicology (8 decks)

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