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Dermatology > Pediatric Dermatology > Flashcards

Pediatric Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment of neonatal acne?

A

2% ketoconazole cream and 1% hydrocortisone cream

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2
Q

What is the monotherapy for acne?

A
  • Education
  • Salicylic acid
  • Retinoids
  • Topical antimicrobials
  • Consider hormone evaluation for ages 2-7 or physical signs of androgen excess
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3
Q

What are the two retinoid medications used for acne?

A

Tretinoin and Adapalene

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4
Q

What are the topical antimicrobials used for acne?

A
  • Benzoyl peroxide 2.5-10% concentrations

- Erythromycin, clindamycin —> best in combo with benzyol peroxide

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5
Q

What is the systemic therapy for acne?

A
  • Triple therapy

- Oral antibiotics

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6
Q

What does the triple therapy for acne consist of?

A

Oral antibiotic + benzoyl peroxide + topical retinoid

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7
Q

What are the oral antibiotics for acne?

A
  • Tetracycline
  • Doxycycline
  • Minocycline
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8
Q

What are some characteristics of non-bullous impetigo?

A

Small macule becomes papule, then vesicle that ruptures and develops honey-colored crust.

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9
Q

What are some characteristics of bullous impetigo?

A

Minimal redness, bullous (blister like)

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10
Q

What is the MCC of impetigo?

A

Staph Aureus

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11
Q

What is a less common cause of impetigo?

A

Group A strep

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12
Q

What is the classic triad of eczema?

A

Asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis

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13
Q

Where is eczema distributed in infants?

A

Face and extensor surfaces (skin on the outside of the joint)

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14
Q

Where is eczema distributed in children?

A

Face and flexor surfaces (skin on the side of a joint that folds)

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15
Q

What is the MC atopic dermatitis?

A

Eczema

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16
Q

What are s/sxs of Eczema?

A
  • Erythema
  • Scaling
  • Excoriation
  • Lichenification
  • Dry or weeping
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17
Q

What is Pityriasis alba?

A

Eczema like rash, white spots

- treat like eczema

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18
Q

What is Nummular eczema?

A

Patches, well defined boarders, spare the face

- treat like eczema

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19
Q

How are common warts spread?

A

HPV (type 2 and 4)

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20
Q

Where are common warts typically located and are they painful?

A
  • Hands, elbow, and knees

- painless

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21
Q

What are Condyloma acuminata?

A

Genital/perianal warts

22
Q

How is Condyloma acuminata spread?

A
  • Usually not sexual abuse in <3-5y (but always want to consider sexual abuse)
  • Vertical transmission (blood, during birth)
  • Caretaker contact, fomites
23
Q

What is the MC type of HSV in the oral mucosa?

A

HSV 1

24
Q

How is oral HSV spread?

A
  • Associated with viral etiology, often occurs early in childhood by contact with infected oral secretions of playmates or caretakers
25
Q

What are the MC locations of seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Where sebaceous glands are most active

- body folds, face, scalp, and genitalia

26
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis can manifest as what?

A
  • Cradle cap, post auricular rash, and diaper rash in infants
  • Dandruff in adolescent
27
Q

What is pityriasis rosea most commonly characterized as?

A

Herald patch (large oval plaque with central clearing and scaly border, then widespread symmetrical papular eruption on the trunk - Christmas tree pattern)

28
Q

What is Molluscum contagiosum caused by?

A

DNA Poxvirus, this is a common viral disease of the skin and mucous membrane.

29
Q

What is the MC clinical feature of Molluscum contagiosum?

A

Central umbilication = depression resembling umbilicus

30
Q

What is scabies caused by?

A

Female mite burrows under the skin (anywhere) —> mites, eggs, and feces trigger hypersensitivity reaction

31
Q

What is the cause of Psoriasis?

A
  • Auto-immune chronic inflammatory skin disorder, often triggered by infection (strep pharyngitis), stress, trauma.
32
Q

What is the MC dermatological problem in infants and toddlers?

A

Diaper dermatitis/candidiasis

33
Q

What is the cause of Diaper dermatitis/candidiasis?

A

Irritant (contact) dermatitis from local irritation by urine, feces, moisture, friction

34
Q

What is tinea capitis?

A

Enlarging round area of hair breakage & loss, mild scaling, erythema, may have papules & pustules

35
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A

“athletes foot”

Itching, peeling, maceration, web spaces and sub-digital areas

36
Q

What is tinea versicolor?

A

Normal skin yeast that proliferates, causing macules with fine scaling & pigment changes, itching is minimal

37
Q

What is cafe-au-lait associated with?

A

Associated with neurofibromatosis (necrosis)

38
Q

Ash-leaf lesions are the first dermatological sign of what neurocutaneous disorder?

A

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)

39
Q

What tool do you use to make ash-leaf lesions and headlice more visible?

A

Wood lamp

40
Q

What are symptomatic or multiple hemangioma treated with?

A

Propanolol

41
Q

What are two birthmarks that have the potential to develop into malignancy?

A
  • Congenital melanocytic nevus

- Nevus sebaceous

42
Q

Port-wine stain is associated with what syndrome?

A

Sturge-weber syndrome

43
Q

Steven-johnson syndrome involves parts of the body?

A

Mucosal involvement (eyes, oral, airway, GI, GU)

44
Q

Steven-johnson syndrome often proceeds what?

A

Proceeds flu like illness, drug exposure or mycoplasma pneumonia infection

45
Q

What dermatological condition may be associated with systemic disease: type 2 DM?

A
  • Acanthosis Nigricans

- Vitiligo

46
Q

What is Telogen effluvium?

A
  • Diffused hair loss 1-3 mos after stressful event
47
Q

What are the causes of cellulitis?

A

Staph
Strep
Hib (sometimes)

48
Q

S/sx of cellulitis?

A 
Break in the skin
redness
warmth
swelling
tender
F/C
LAD
49
Q

Tx for cellulitis?

A

Clindamycin, TMP-SMZ, Vanco

If no mrsa: cephalexin, ceftriaxone

50
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Form of cellulitis but more superficial, rapidly advancing, infection —> caused by group A step (tx clinda)

Dermatology (6 decks)

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