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Neurology > Pediatric Epilepsy > Flashcards

Pediatric Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)?

A

Psychological

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2
Q

How do you distinguish between a PNES and epileptic seizures?

A

Epileptiform activity on an EEG is seen in Epileptic seizures but NOT PNES

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3
Q

Who can have seizure?

A

Anyone

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4
Q

Types of seizure?

A

Partial/Focal

Generalized

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5
Q

Partial seizures?

A

Those in which the first clinical and EEG changes indicate initial activation of a system of neurons limited to part of ONE cerebral hemisphere

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6
Q

Generalized seizures?

A

Those in which the first clinical changes indicate initial involvement of BOTH hemispheres

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7
Q

Impaired consciousness?

A

Inability to respond normally to exogenous stimuli

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8
Q

Characteristics of absence seizures?

A

Sudden onset of interruption of activity
Unresponsive if spoken to
Lasts a few seconds to half a minute
May be induced with HYPERVENTILATION

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9
Q

Most common type of childhood seizures?

A

Febrile seizures

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10
Q

Febrile seizures?

A

Seizures that occur in febrile children between the ages of 6 and 60 months who do not have an intracranial infection, metabolic distubance, or hx of afebrile seizures

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11
Q

Simple febrile seizures?

A

Isolated (once in a 24-hr period)
Generalized
Brief (<15 mins)
Majority

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12
Q

Complex febrile seizures?

A

Multiple (occur more than once in a 24-hour period)
Focal
Prolonged (>15 mins)
Associated with higher risk of AFEBRILE seizures but NOT febrile seizures

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13
Q

Risk factors for febrile seizure recurrence?

A

Young age at onset (<1 hr)

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14
Q

Risk factors for epilepsy in children with febrile seizures?

A

Complex febrile seizures
FHx of epilepsy
Neurologic impairment prior to the febrile seizure

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15
Q

Children with FSE are at risk for?

A

Acute hippocampal injuries

Abnormalities in hippocampal development

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16
Q

What infections are commonly associated with FSE?

A

HHV-6B

HHV-7

17
Q

Epilepsy?

A

Multiple UNPROVOKED seizures separated by more than 24 hours

18
Q

When do infantile spasms appear?

A

3 to 7 months

19
Q

Characteristics of infantile spasms seizures?

A

Brief bilateral symmetric contraction of the muscles of the neck, trunk, and extremities
Most commonly Flexor spasms are seen
“Stomach Crunches” reported by patents

20
Q

What does an EEG show in a pt during an infantile spasms?

A

Hypsarrhythmia

21
Q

West syndrome?

A

Triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and developmental arrest/regression

22
Q

Onset of Lennox-Gastaut?

A

1 to 8 years

23
Q

Lennox-Gastaut triad?

A

At least 2 seizure types
Slowing of mental development
EEG showing “slow spike and wave”
-slow background, bursts of diffuse slow spike-wave patters of 1.5-2.5 Hz

24
Q

Onset of Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE)?

A

4-8 yrs

25
Q

Characteristics of CAE?

A

Absence seizures occur multiple times per day
May be triggered by hyperventilation
Generalized 3 Hz spike-and-wave discharges

26
Q

Onset of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

A

Adolescence

27
Q

Types of seizures seen in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

A

Tonic-clonic (13-20 yrs)
Myoclonic (12-18 yrs)
Absence (7-13 yrs)

28
Q

Myoclonic seizures?

A

Brief, bilateral but not always symmetric, flexor jerks of the arms
Highest frequency in the morning
Pt is conscious

29
Q

What can be juvenile myoclonic epilepsy be precipitated by?

A 
Sleep deprivation
Alcohol ingestion
Awakening from nocturnal or daytime sleep
PHOTIC stimulation
Menstration
30
Q

Genetics behind Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

A

AD –> chromosome 6

31
Q

Most common form of benign partial epilepsy of childhood?

A

Benign Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE)

32
Q

Where do epileptiform discharges arise from in BRE?

A

Rolandic (Central) area of the brain

33
Q

Onset of BRE?

A

4-12 yrs peak 8-9 yrs

34
Q

Most common presentation of BRE?

A

Nocturnal generalized tonic-clonic seizures

35
Q

Most specific type of BRE?

A

facial motor seizures

Neurology (25 decks)

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