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Respiratory 2 > Pulmonary Infections- Micro > Flashcards

Pulmonary Infections- Micro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fxn of saliva to prevent infection?

A

Flushes bugs away in the oropharynx

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2
Q

What is the fxn of the mucociliary system to prevent infecitons?

A

Traps bugs in the nasopharynx

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3
Q

These are invaders that infect a normal healthy respiratory tract.

A

Professional invaders

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4
Q

These are invaders that only cause ideases when host defenses are already impaired.

A

Secondary invaders

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5
Q

Rhinoviruses- attachement mechanism

A

capsid protein

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6
Q

Rhinoviruses- receptor

A

ICAM-1

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7
Q

Rhinoviruses- Disease

A

Common cold

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8
Q

Rhinoviruses- age predilection

A

Infants and kids

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9
Q

Rhinoviruses- time of year infection

A

in fall and spring

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10
Q

Coxsackie A- attahcment mechanism

A

capsid protein

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11
Q

Coxsackie A- receptor

A

ICAM-1

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12
Q

Coxsackie A- Diseases (3)

A

Common cold

herpangina

Hand/foot/mouth

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13
Q

Coxsackie A- age predilection

A

Newborns

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14
Q

Coxsackie A- season of infection

A

summer

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15
Q

Influenza- attachement mechanismm

A

Haemaggluntinin

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16
Q

Influenza- receptor

A

neuraminic acid- containing glycoprotein

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17
Q

Influenza- disease

A

flu including lower respiratory tract

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18
Q

Influenza- age (3)

A

adults- classic flu

kids- asymptomatic –> severe respiratory tract infeciton

elderly- high risk cuz of immunocompromised

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19
Q

Influenza- genomic composition

A

8 negative-sense RNA nucleocapsid segments

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20
Q

Parainfluenza virus- attachement mechanism

A

viral envelope protein

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21
Q

Parainfluenza virus- receptor

A

Glycoside

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22
Q

Parainfluenza virus- disease (kids vs adults)

A

Kids- mild disease or croup

Adults- risk for reinfection w/milder Sx

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23
Q

Parainfluenza virus- season

A

fall

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24
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)- attachment mechanism

A

G protein

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25
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)- disease (kids)

A

Lower respiratory tract infection

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26
Q

RSV is a paramyxovirus except it lacks what 2 things?

A

hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity

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27
Q

Coronavirius- attachment mechanism

A

viral envelope protein

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28
Q

Coronavirius- receptor

A

N-acetyl neuraminic acid receptor

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29
Q

Coronavirius- disease in infants/kids (2)

A

common cold

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

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30
Q

Coronavirius- genome composition

A

+ ssRNA

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31
Q

Adenovirus- attachment mechanism

A

Penton fiber with viral attachment protein

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32
Q

Adenovirus- roceptor

A

fiber proteins interact with a glycoprotein, some use MHC-I

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33
Q

Adenovirus- disease in kids < 14 y/o and crowded areas (3)

A

Pharyngitis
Conjunctivitis
Bronchitis

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34
Q

Adenovirus- genome composition

A

dsDNA

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35
Q

Echovirus- diseases (2) in kids

A

common cold

aseptic meningitis

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36
Q

Echovirus- genome composition

A

RNA enterovirus from picornaviridae

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37
Q

Parainfluenza- virulence

A

HA, NA

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38
Q

Over 50% of common colds are caused by what 2 viruses?

A

Rhinovirus or coronavirus

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39
Q

What do must viruses contain that prevents them from being washed away, thus being able to infect healthy people.

A

Surface molecules

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40
Q

This is the condition of adenovirus in yound kids that can mimic strep (nasal congestion, cough, coryza, malaise, fever, chills, myalgia, and headache).

A

Acute febrile pharyngitis

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41
Q

Who gets the pharyngoconjunctival fever in adenovirus infections?

A

Older kids

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42
Q

What is the manifestation of serotypes 4&7 in adenovirus infections?

A

Acute respiratory distress (fever, cough, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis)

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43
Q

Pertussis-like illness in adenovirus infections is in kids and adults with what condition?

A

True viral pneumonia

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44
Q

What is the common place to get conjunctivitis from adenovirus infections?

A

Swimming pools

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45
Q

This is the condition of adenovirus infections where an occupational hazard of industrial workers leads to conjunctivitis from debris.

A

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

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46
Q

Serotypes 40 and 42 of adenovirus can cause what in infants?

A

Gastroenteritis and diarrhea

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47
Q

Who gets intussuseption from adenovirus infections?

A

children

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48
Q

Who gets acute hemorrhagic cystitis with dysuria and hematuria from adenovirus infections?

A

Young boys

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49
Q

Who gets pneumonia and hepatitis from adenovirus infections?

A

Immunocompromised pts

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50
Q

What is the bug toi cause scarlet fever?

A

S. pyogenes

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51
Q

S. pyogenes- virulence (3)

A
  1. avoids phagocytosis (capsule, M-proteins, C5a peptidase)
  2. adheres and invades (M proetin, lipteichoic acid, F protein)
  3. produces toxins (strep exotoxins, streptolysis S&O, streptokinase, DNAses)
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52
Q

S. pyogenes- pathogenesis for scarlet fever

A

toxin spreads through body and localizes in the skin to induce a punctate erythematous rash

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53
Q

S. pyogenes- findings of tongue and body

A

Tongue- furry –> red

Body- facial erythema –> all over rash except palms and soles

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54
Q

S. pyogenes- course of disease

A

rash for 1 week –> extensive desuqamation

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55
Q

This is an indirect complication from Ab’s to formed Ag’s in the strep pyogenes cell wall.

A

Rheumatic fever

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56
Q

What happens in the heart with rheumatic fever when Ab’s cross-react with the sarcollemma and other tissues?

A

myocarditis or pericarditis

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57
Q

What are the granulomas in the heart called in rheumatic fever?

A

Aschoff nodules

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58
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is rheumatic fever?

A

Type II cytotoxic

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59
Q

this is the condition where Ab’s combine with strep Ag’s and form circulating immune complexes, which then deposit in the glomeruli and cause autoimmune dmg.

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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60
Q

How long after a sore throat do u see acute acute glomerulonephritis with hematuria?

A

1-2 weeks

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61
Q

What labs show acute glomerulonephritis from strep?

A

↑ ASO Ab’s

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62
Q

What type of hypersensitivity rxn is acute glomerulonephritis from strep pyogenes?

A

Type III

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63
Q

What is the causitive agent for parotitis?

A

Mumps virus (paramxovirus)

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64
Q

Mumps- spread

A

airborne droplets (close contact)

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65
Q

After the mumps replicates in local lymphoid tissues, what happens after 7-10 days?

A

enters the blood and causes a primary viremia and localizes in salivary glands, CNS, testis, pancreas, and ovaries.

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66
Q

When to the parotid cells degenerate in a mumps infection?

A

16-18 days

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67
Q

What is the vaccine type for mumps?

A

live attenuated MMR vaccine

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68
Q

What is the viral cause for otitis media?

A

RSV

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69
Q

What are the 2 main bacterial causes for otitis media?

A

S. pneumoniae

H. influenzae

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70
Q

What are the 3 main causes of otitis externa?

A

S. aureus
Candida albicans
G(-) opportunists (proteus and p. aeruginosa)

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71
Q

What is the causitive agent for acute epiglotitis?

A

H. influenza

diptheria in 3rd world countries

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72
Q

Who get acute epigotitis?

A

young chilren

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73
Q

What is the type of H. influenza to cause severe inflammation and edema, leading to acute epiglotitis?

A

Capsular type B

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74
Q

What are the Sx to acute epiglotitis?

A

severe dyspnea

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75
Q

How do u treat acute epiglotitis?

A

Antibiotics (cefotaxime, cloramphenicol)

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76
Q

Why is acute epiglotitis rarely seen in the US in young kids?

A

Flu vaccine

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77
Q

This is the condition where there is swelling of the mucous membrane, leading to a dry cough and inspiratory stridor.

A

Croup

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78
Q

What are the 3 “S’s” for croup?

A

Stridor
Subglottic swelling
Seal bark cough

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79
Q

What is the most common cause of croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

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80
Q

What forms in the back of the throat in Corynebacterium diptheriae?

A

grey pseudomembrane

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81
Q

What happens to the appearance of the neck in C. diptheriae infections?

A

looks like a Bull neck

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82
Q

What is the virulence factor for C. diptheriae?

A

AB toxin sends A section in –> ADP ribosylation of EGF2 –> halt of protein synthesis

hey look this was a random ass cardio question.

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83
Q

Who is at risk for diptheria? Why?

A

poor, resource-deprived regions cuz they dont have the TDaP vaccine.

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84
Q

What can happen in the heart from C. diptheriae infections?

A

Myocarditis –> heart failure

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85
Q

What can happen in the nerves from C. diptheriae infections?

A

Polyneuritits- demyelination, esp in IX

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86
Q

What is the most common cause of whooping cough?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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87
Q

How is B. pertussis spread?

A

Aerosol droplets

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88
Q

This is the stage from 1-2 weeks of pertussis where there are coldlike Sx.

A

Catarrhal stage

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89
Q

True or False: The catarrhal stage is the most infectious stage for pertussis.

A

True!

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90
Q

This is the stage from 2-4 weeks of pertussis where there are prolonged coughing fits and the whoop.

A

Paroxysmal stage

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91
Q

This is the 3-4 week stage of recovery in pertussis.

A

Convalescence stage

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92
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the pertussis toxin?

A

AB toxin that ribosylates ADP of EF-2, halting protein synthesis

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93
Q

What is the MOA for the adenylate cyclase toxin from pertussis?

A

↑ cAMP which induces bactericinal effects from increased neutrophil cAMP levels

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94
Q

What is the MOA for the tracheal cytotoxin from pertussis?

A

Murders tracheal epithelial cells

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95
Q

What is the MOA for the endotoxin from pertussis?

A

LDP similiar to G(-) bacteria

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96
Q

Which age are u at greatest risk for pertussi infections?

A

kids < 1

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97
Q

Why is whole cell (killed) pertussis vacceines no longer used?

A

Many side effects and can even lead to enceophalopathy (ouch)

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98
Q

What are the 3 components to the acellular toxin for pertussis?

A

Pertussis toxin + filamentous hemagglutinin + pertactin toxins

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99
Q

This is the inflammation of the bronchioles.

A

Bronchiolitis

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100
Q

What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

101
Q

What pts get RSV infections?

A

kids < 2

102
Q

Where is Sin Nombre Virus (Hantavirus) from?

A

inhaling infected Rodent feces, saliva, or urine

103
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of hantavirus?

A

serious pulmonayr and cardiac disease as well as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

104
Q

Is pneumonia mainly viral or bacterial in kids?

A

viral

105
Q

What are the 2 main viruses to cause pneumonia in kids?

A

RSV or parainfluenza

106
Q

Which bud causes interstitial pnemonitis in neonates?

A

Chlamydia trachmatis

107
Q

This is the bug to cause LOBAR pneumonia.

A

Strep pneumoniae

108
Q

These are the bugs to cause bronchopneumonia. (5)

A

S. pneumo, S. aureus, Klebsiella, E. Coli, and pseudomonas

109
Q

These are the 2 bugs to cause lung abscesses.

A

Bacteriodes and fusobacterium.

110
Q

Typical pneumonia (PNA) is caused by which 2 bugs?

A

S. pneumo

H. influenza

111
Q

Atypical PNA is caused by what?

A

Anything not strep or H. influenza:

mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydophilia pneumonia/psittaci, legionella pneumonphilia, and coxiella burnetti

112
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae- gram/shape

A

gram + cocci

113
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae- infection/Sx

A

PNA with productive cough

114
Q

True or false- Streptococcus pneumoniae is part of the normal flora of the URT.

A

True

115
Q

What are the optochin, hemolytic, color of sputum for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

optochin sensitive, alpha hemolytic, rust colored sputum

116
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae- gram/shape

A

Gram - rod

117
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae- Sx

A

lung inflammation and hemorrhage which leads to thick bloody sputum

118
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae- color of sputum

A

red currant jelly sputum

119
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae- macconky agar color, lactose test, indole test, other labs.

A

maccokey shows pink, lactose fermenter, indole negative, capsulated, donovan bodies

120
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae- pt population

A

alcoholics and homeless due to vomit aspiration

121
Q

Bacillus anthracis- gram/shape

A

gram + rods

122
Q

Bacillus anthracis- Sx

A

flu-like, severe respiratory Sx, lower backpain, coughing up blood

123
Q

Bacillus anthracis- transmission

A

spore inspiration

124
Q

Bacillus anthracis- lab characteristics

A

spores, medusae head appearance

125
Q

Staphylococcus aureus- gram/shape

A

Gram + cocci

126
Q

Staphylococcus aureus- Sx

A

productive cough

127
Q

Staphylococcus aureus- color of sputum, coagulase test

A

salmon colored sputum, coagulase +

128
Q

Staphylococcus aureus- follow what type of infection

A

viral

129
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae- gram stain

A

none- no cell wall.

130
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae- Sx

A

atypical PNA- dry hacking cough with no bloody sputum

131
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae- transmission

A

aerosol droplets

132
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae- cold aggutinin test

A

cold agglutinin +

133
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae- pt population

A

high schoolers and college kids

134
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae- gram/stain

A

obligate intracellular

135
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae- Sx

A

bronchitis, PNA, sinusitis, atypical PNA

136
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae- where are elementary and reticular bodies?

A

elementary bodies outside cell

reticulate body is replicating inside cell

137
Q

Chlamydophila Psittaci- gram/shape

A

obligate intracellular

138
Q

Chlamydophila Psittaci- transmission

A

parrots

139
Q

Coxiella burnetii- gram/shape

A

Gram - bacillus

140
Q

Coxiella burnetii- transmission

A

aerosol droplets, from ticks

141
Q

Legionella pneumophila- gram/shape

A

gram - rod

142
Q

Legionella pneumophila- Sx

A

Legionairres disease

143
Q

Legionella pneumophila- transmission/sources

A

air conditioning, plumbing, standing water

144
Q

Legionella pneumophila- agar for growth

A

Buffered charcoal yeast agar (BCY)

145
Q

Legionella pneumophila- pt population

A

alcoholic elderly smokers

146
Q

This is the virus that Peaks in Winter months, symptoms include Fever, Runny nose, Cough, Sore throat, and wheeze, and is found mainly in children.

A

Human metapneumovirus

147
Q

What population gets influenza A?

A

Birds and animals

148
Q

What population gets Influenza B?

A

only humans

149
Q

What population gets Influenza C?

A

Minor disease in animals

150
Q

Which influenza strains have epidemics?

A

A and B

151
Q

What are the 2 antigens that give infleunza A its unique type?

A

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (like H1N1)

152
Q

What is the genetic composition of influenza?

A

ssRNA that’s segmented

153
Q

This is a sudden change or major change of a virus where the new strain can infect people immune to pre-existing strains (pandemic).

A

Antigenic shift

“sudden SHIFT of the genome”

154
Q

Which influenza virus has antigenic shift?

A

influenza A

155
Q

These are small mutations that usually do not affect the individual, and with enough emutations these can add up and re-infect and immunized person.

A

Antigenic drift

“slow driffffttttttt into a new form…”

156
Q

Which strains of influenza has antigenic drift?

A

All strains

157
Q

How do you name infleunza strains?

A

type/location/H type N type

A/Phillipines/82/H3N2

158
Q

Where are the vaccines grown for the influenza vaccines?

A

Chicken eggs

159
Q

What are the secondary infection that could follow an influenza infection?

A

Staph aureus (deadly), pneumococci, H. influenzae.

160
Q

Which protein does the influenza virus use to attack to the sialic acid repectors on respiratory epithelial cells?

A

HA protein

161
Q

What are released from the damaged epithlial cells to cause chills, malaise, fever, aches, runny nose, and cough from influenza?

A

Cytokines

162
Q

What are bad manifestations in the repiratory tract from influenza infections?

A

bronchitis and interstitial PNA

163
Q

What are the bad CNS manifestations for influenza infections?

A

meningitis, encephalomyelitis, polyneuritis and guillain barre

164
Q

Which virus causes SARS?

A

Coronavirus

165
Q

How do people get coronavirus?

A

Eating infected animals

166
Q

What are the Sx to SARS?

A

high fever, cough, SOB, and dyspnea

167
Q

This is the bacteria to cause croup and pneumonia in children, minor upper respiratory illness

A

Parainfluenza

168
Q

How is mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted?

A

aerosol droplets

169
Q

When inhaled, what does M. TB do to spread throughout the body?

A

Infect macrophages and divide within them.

170
Q

The immune response to TB will activate macrophages and it will try to contain them, forming what in the lungs?

A

Granulomas

171
Q

Lung lesions with enlarged lymph nodes in TB are called what?

A

Gohn complex

172
Q

In secondary TB, there is reactivation of dormant mycobacteria from what secondary condition?

A

AIDS (or other immunocompromised situation)

173
Q

This is the form of TB where there is disseminated TB via lymphatics which can move into other tissues like the kidney or other lobes of the lung.

A

Miliary TB

174
Q

This is the test where you can find M. tuberculosis even though it has a slow growth and doesnt stain well.

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

175
Q

What is injected into the skin in a PPD?

A

Purified protein derivative of mycobacterium TB

176
Q

What is the Tx for TB?

A

Isonazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, or prolonged therapy

177
Q

Which one is acid fast, M. tuberculosis or Nocardial?

A

TRICK QUESTION. THEY’RE BOTH ACID FAST.

178
Q

So which agar does M. tuberculosis grow on?

A

Lowenstein Jensen Agar

179
Q

Which is the virulence factor for M. tuberculosis and is characteristic on LJ agar?

A

Cord factor and shows a characteristic serpentine arrangement.

180
Q

What property of P. aeruginosa is important to cause chronic problems in CF pts?

A

Its ability to change into a mucoid form, thrive in mucous, and then cause immunologic dmg to the lung

181
Q

Which pts are at risk for polymicrobial or anaerobic PNA?

A

Pts that aspirate respiratory or gastric secretions from altered consciousness.

182
Q

What is the manifestation from aspirating respiratory or gastric secretions?

A

Necrotizing PNA, which leads to lung abscesses

183
Q

This is the allergic response to aspergillus Ag in the lungs, occurs with asthma and 10% of CF pts.

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

184
Q

These are large fungal balls of entagled hyphae in the lung cavities, typically in COPD pts.

A

Aspergilloma

185
Q

What is the Dx criteria for Aspergillus infections? (2)

A

45 degree acute angled branching hyphae

CXR of fungal ball for aspergilloma

186
Q

What is the most common opportunistic pulmonary infection in HIV-infected individuals?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly P. carinii)

187
Q

When is a HIV+ individual most likely to develop pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?

A

b4 taking antiretroviral therapy

188
Q

This is the pathogenesis of PCP:

Trophic form –> ________ _________ –> _____ –> rupture

A

Trophic form –> uninucleate sporocyts –> cyst –> rupture

189
Q

What is the stain u can do for the trophic forms of PCP?

A

Giemsa stain

190
Q

What is the stian u can do for the cyst call for PCP?

A

GMS (silver) stain

191
Q

What is the drug used for the prophylaxis of PCP?

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)

192
Q

What are the 3 nematodes that can migrate through the lungs and break capillaries causing pneumonitis with coughing and wheezing?

A

Ascaris, Strongyloides, and Hookworms

193
Q

What can schistosome larvae do the lungs?

A

cause pneumonitis with nodular lesions

194
Q

W. bancrofti and brugia cause lay larvae int he capillaries of the lung, causing what?

A

Pulmonary eosinophilia

195
Q

What can form in the lungs in an echinococcus granulosus infection?

A

hydatid cysts

196
Q

This is the oriental lung fluke that can live in the lung and have fibrous cysts.

A

Paragonimus westermani

197
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- yeast form

A

intracellular budding yeast, oval

198
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- hyphal forms (2)

A
  1. large, thick-walled, spherical with spike-like projections
  2. small, oval, with sessile or short stalks
199
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- where in the world??

A

Eastern N america, mexico, central and S america

200
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- reservoir

A

in the soild with bird/bat droppings

201
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- acquisition

A

aersolization

202
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- people at risk (2)

A
  1. immunocompromised

2. kids

203
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- Sx with low intensity exposure

A

Asymptomatic pulmonary infection

204
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- Sx with high intensity exposure

A

flu-like Sx, medistinal adenopathy and patchy infiltrates, ARDS, medistinal fibrosis

205
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- chronic Sx

A

apical cavities and fibrosis

206
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- subacute disseminated Sx

A

wt loss, fatigue, oral ulcers and hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

207
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum- acute disseminated Sx

A

septic-like shock, oral and GI ulcerations and bleeding.

208
Q

Coccidioides immitis- yeast form

A

Endosporulating spherule

209
Q

Coccidioides immitis- hyphal form

A

barrel-shaped

210
Q

Coccidioides immitis- culture

A

appears white-gray, moist, culture at 25 degrees

211
Q

Coccidioides immitis- where in the world??

A

Southwestern US (CA)

oh noooooooooooooooooooooooo

212
Q

Coccidioides immitis- reservoir

A

soil from bat and rodent droppings

213
Q

Coccidioides immitis- transmission

A

inhaled, especially in late summer/fall

214
Q

Coccidioides immitis- risk groups (4)

A

Filipinos, males, women in 3rd trimester, immunodeficient (AIDS/old/young)

215
Q

Coccidioides immitis- small infection Sx

A

asymptomatic or self-limited flu-like illness

216
Q

Coccidioides immitis- primary disease Sx

A

allergic reactions including immune complex formations with erythmeatous macular rash, erythema multiforme, and erythema nodusum.

217
Q

Coccidioides immitis- secondary disease Sx

A

Nodules, cavitary disease, nonprogressive pulmonary disease, single or multisystem dissemination

218
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis- Yeast form

A

large, multiple budding yeast at 37 degrees, double refractile walls. “pilot’s wheel” morphology

219
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis- hyphal form

A

Round microconidia and intercalar chlamydospores

220
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis- where in the world???

A

South america (brazil)

it’s in the name lol

221
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis- transmission

A

inhalation of traumatic inoculation

222
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis- risk groups (3)

A
  1. young kids- get the primary infection
  2. older males- get pulmonary form and dissemination
  3. immunocompromised- acute progressive form
223
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis- subacute disseminated Sx

A

big organs, recurrent fungemia

224
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis- chronic pulmonary Sx

A

persistent cough, purulent sputum,chest pain, wt loss, dyspnea, fever

225
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis- dissemination location

A

skin, mucosa (painful), lymph nodes, adrenal, liver, spleen, CNS and bones

226
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis- yeast form

A

non-encpsulated, grow at 37, spherical, hyaline, multinucleated with thick :double contoured” walls

227
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis- hyphae form

A

grows on white-tan filamentous colonies on mycologic media at 25, stain with silver or PAS

228
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis- where in the world??

A

N. america (OH and MI river valleys) and africa

229
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis- reservoir

A

moist soild with docomposing organic matter

230
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis- transmission

A

aerosolization, NO person-person

231
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis- risk groups

A

soil workers, dogs, IC pts.

232
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis- mild/moderate/severe Sx

A

Mild- flu-like illness
Moderate- PNA with acute onset
Severe- Fulminant ARDS

233
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis- chronic/subacute Sx

A

pulmonary mass lesions or fibronodular infiltates

234
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis- chronic cutaneous involvement

A

hematogenous dissemination from the lung, popular, ulcerative, crusted, painless, gross-looking lesions on your face, scalp, neck, or hands.

235
Q

Aspergillus- culture characteristics

A

hyaline molds, many colors, grows on mycologic media lacking cycloheximide

236
Q

Aspergillus- what do u see on microscopy

A

branched, septae hyphae that produce conidial heads (like a dandelion)

237
Q

Aspergillus- 3 things for staining

A

PAS, GMS, and gridley

238
Q

Aspergillus- epidemiology

A

eeeeerywhere

239
Q

Aspergillus- transmission

A

respiratory tract

240
Q

Mucor- culture

A

produce gray-brown wooly colonies (the crap on old fruit and shit)

241
Q

Mucor- what do u see on microscopy?

A

broad, hyaline, septate, irregularly contoured and pleomorphic, rhizoids, sporangiospores with columella (like a lightbulb)

diameter >10 um

242
Q

Mucor- 2 things for staining

A

H&E and PAS

243
Q

Mucor- epidemiology

A

eeeeerywherhheherheheeehehehehe

244
Q

Mucor- portal of entry

A

angioinvasive

245
Q

Which Ab is elevated on labs in allergic aspergillosis?

A

IgE

246
Q

What are the Sx to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and disseminated aspergillosis?

A

dever and pulmonary infiltrates, 70% mortality, angioinvasive nature causes hematogenous dissemination

247
Q

Which patients are at risk for pulmonary zygomycosis infections?

A

neutropenic pts (low neutrophils)

248
Q

Which patients are at risk for rhinocerebral mucormycosis infections?

A

pts with metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)

249
Q

This is an acute infection of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and orbit in diabetics.

A

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis

Respiratory 2 (7 decks)

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