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Pediatrics PLE > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common congenital syndrome associated with it is CHARGE syndrome

A

Choanal Atresia

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2
Q

CHARGE syndrome

A 
Coloboma
Heart anomalies
Choanal atresia
Retarded growth
Genital hypoplasia
Ear abnormalities
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3
Q

Most common cause of common colds

A

Rhinovirus

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4
Q

What are the sinuses present at birth?

A

Ethmoid and Maxillary

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5
Q

Cough and colds for 10-14days, purulent nasal discharge, headache, sinus tenderness

A

Sinusitis

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6
Q

Gradual onset, moderate throat pain, symptoms of viral URTI (conjunctivitis, coryza, cough)

Contacts with colds symptoms

A

Acute Viral Pharyngitis

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7
Q

Sore throat and fever with headache, vomiting, abdominal pain

Palatal petechiae, diffuse erythema of tonsils and pillars

Sandpaper rash in inguinal and antecubital areas

A

Acute Bacterial (GABHS) Pharyngitis

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8
Q

Antibiotics for GABHS

A

Penicillin or Amoxicillib for 10 days

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9
Q

Culture (+) strep pharyngitis that has been severe and frequent: >7 episodes in the previous year OR >5 in each of the preceding 2 years

A

Recurrent Strep Pharyngitis

Consider Tonsillectomy

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10
Q

Bacterial invasion through the capsule of the tonsils

Usually affects adolescents

Fever, sore throat, dysphagia, trismus

Asymmetric tonsillar bulge with displaced uvula

A

Peritonsillar abscess

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11
Q

Drooling, neck held in hyperextension, bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall, neck pain, muffled voice, respiratory distress

Fever, irritability, refusal to move neck, dysphagia, decreased oral intake

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

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12
Q

Most common etiology of Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Parainfluenza Virus

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13
Q

Rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, cough and low grade fever (1-3days),
Inspiratory stridor, hoarse voice, barking cough

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

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14
Q

Subglottic narrowing or Steeple sign

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

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15
Q

Management for Laryngotracheobronchitis

A 
Racemic Epinephrine
Oral dexamethasone (single dose)
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16
Q

Serious and rapidly progressive infection of supraglottic structures

A

Acute Epiglottitis (Supraglottitis)

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17
Q

Most common etiology of Epiglottitis in UNVACCINATED children

A

H. Influenza type B

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18
Q

Most common etiology of Epiglottitis in VACCINATED children

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

19
Q

Acute onset of high fever, dysphagia, dyspnea, drooling, muffled voice, sniffing dog or tripod position

Cherry red epiglottis

A

Acute Epiglottitis

20
Q

Thumb sign or leaf sign on lateral neck x-ray

A

Acute epiglottitis

21
Q

Treatment for Acute epiglottitis

A 
Secure airway
IV antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Meropenem)
22
Q

More of an allergic reaction to viral antigens than direct infection

Symptoms are mostly at night with mild to moderate hoarseness, coryza and hoarseness

Awakens with Metallic barking cough

A

Spasmodic Croup

23
Q

Most common cause of Bacterial Tracheitis

A

Staph Aureus

24
Q

High fever, brassy cough, can lie flat, does not drool, no dysphagia

Often follows a viral respiratory infection

A

Bacterial Tracheitis

25
Q

Most commonly aspirated food

A

Peanut

26
Q

Sudden onset of respiratory distress, hoarseness, localized wheezing, localized absence of breath sounds

A

Foreign Body Aspiration

27
Q

Acute inflammation of the small airways in children

A

Bronchiolitis

28
Q

Most common cause of Bronchiolitis

A

Respiratory Syncitial Virus

29
Q

Low grade fever, rhinorrhea, cough, wheezing, hyperresonance to percussion, prolonged expiratory phase

CXR: hyperinflation, interstitial infiltrates

A

Bronchiolitis

30
Q

Dry hacking cough then after several days sputum becomes purulent

Low grade fever, nasopharyngitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis

A

Acute bronchitis

31
Q

Most common etiology of Pneumonia

A

Neonates: Group B Streptococcus
3wks-4y/o: Respiratory Syncitial Virus
>5y/o: M. Pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae

32
Q

Fever, cough, tachypnea

O2 saturation <92%

A

Pneumonia

33
Q

Cough, wheezing, stridor

Diffuse streaky infiltrates; lymphocytosis

Supportive treatment

A

Viral Pneumonia

34
Q

Cough, high fever, dyspnea, dullness to percussion

Lobar consolidation; neutrophilia

A

Bacterial Pneumonia

35
Q

Less ill-looking, nonproductive cough

Interstitial pattern in xray, and usually on lower lobes

Walking pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma

36
Q

Staccato cough

Maternal history of infection

Hyperinflation “ground glass” appearance; eosinophilia

Tx: erythromycin PO for 14 days

A

Chlamydia

37
Q

Treatment for non-severe cases of pneumonia without previous use of antibiotic

A

Amoxicillin 40-50 mg/kg/day TID for 3-7days

Alternative: Azithromycin or clarithromycin

38
Q

Treatment for severe cases of pneumonia without previous use of antibiotic AND requiring hospitalization

A

Complete Hib vaccination: Penicillin G

Incomplete Hib vaccination: Ampicillin

> 15y/o: IV non-antipseudomonal beta lactam plus extended macrolide or respiratory fluoroquinolone

39
Q

3 components of asthma attack

A

Bronchospasn
Airway edema
Increased mucus production

40
Q

A reversible obstructive airway disease involving both small and large airways

Increased residual lung volumes
Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

A

Bronchial Asthma

41
Q

Management of acute asthma attacks

A

Short-acting inhaled beta2 agonist
Oral or IV steroids
Anticholinergics - never used alone
Methylxanthines - NOT first line

42
Q

(+) exposure to an adult or adolescent with active disease
(-) PPD
No signs/symptoms
Negative CXR

A

TB exposure

43
Q

(+) exposure to an adult or adolescent with active disease
(+) PPD
No signs/symptoms
Negative CXR

A

TB infection

44
Q 
3 or more of the ff criteria:
(+) exposure to an adult or adolescent with active disease 
(+) PPD
signs/symptoms suggestive PTB
Abnormal CXR
Laboratory findings
A

Tb disease

Pediatrics PLE (8 decks)

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