Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
COPD
irreversible and progressive leading to reduced ability to inhale and exhale adequately resulting in dyspnoea on minimal exertion and chronic cough
emphysema
progressive and includes: destruction of alveoli
failure to maintain alveolar integrity
enlargement of air spaces beyond terminal bronchioles
emphysema results in
reduced:: vascular surface area for gas exchange, elasticity and air trapping
increased:: residual volume, resistance to blood flow
chronic SOB and increased WOB
barrel chest
Chronic bronchitis
inflammatory changes within the lungs
excessive production of mucous
caused by prolonged exposure to irritants
lumen of bronchi becomes narrower as excessively mucous filled
ASthma
severe reversible airways disease with increased airway resistance caused by bronchospasm, swelling of mucosal membranes of bronchial walls and hypersecretion of sputum that impedes air flow
air flow resistance in asthma leads to
alveolar hypoventilation
ventilation oerfusion mismatch
co2 retention
Pneumonia
infeciton of lung
may be bacterial, viral or fungal
pneumonia is spread by:
droplet contact
contact with infected persons
aspiration of bacteria from nasopharynx
Acute resp distress syndrome ARDS
resp failure with acute lung inflammation, diffuse alveolar capillary injury
ARDS results in
lungs wet, heavy, congested, stiff
reduced alveolar perfusion
Pneumothorax
air collect in pleural space
may be caused by trauma, intrinsic factors or may be spontaneous
if air continues to collect in this space, the lung will not be able to fill adequately
pneumothorax may lead to
dyspnoea tachypnoea chest pain pallor diaphoresis
Pleurisy
inflammation of parietal pleura
Plurisy leads to
exudate in the pleural space dyspnoea stabbing chest pain restricted breathing spasms on affected side friction rub
Causes of pleurisy
pneumonia pulmonary infarction tuberculosis an abcess of the lung or chest wall bronchial carcinoma
