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Anatomy: head and neck > review 2019 > Flashcards

review 2019 Flashcards

exam 1

1
Q

What is the maxillary nerve and what type of fibers is it?

Which foramen will it cross through?

A

It is the V2, and it mostly sensory. There is some piggy back of parasympathetic and sympathetic that will climb up with the zygomatic nerve until reaching the V1– opthalamic division which will supply to the lacrimal gland ANS

V2 passes through the rotundum

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2
Q

inferior alveolar nerve supplies sensation to the

A

mandibular teeth

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3
Q

what passes through the optic canal

A

CN II

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4
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, VI and V1

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5
Q

what passes through the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII and VIII

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6
Q

what passes through the jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, and XI

Posterior meningeal a.

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7
Q

what passes through the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal a. and meningeal br. of V3

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8
Q

what passes through the foramen ovale

A

CN V3

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9
Q

what passes through the incisive foramen

A

greater palatine nasopalatine

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10
Q

what passes through the stylomastoid foramen

A

motor fibers CN VII

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11
Q

where does the temporalis tendon attaches?

A

coronoid process on the mandible

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12
Q

where does the sphenomandibular ligament attaches

A

lingula on the mandible

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13
Q

where does the lateral pterygoid attaches

A

condylar process on the mandible

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14
Q

where does the masseter attaches

A

ramus and neck of the mandible

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15
Q

occlusal plane

A

C1

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16
Q

angle of mandible

A

C2

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17
Q

hyoid bone

A

C3

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18
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

C4/C5

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19
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

C6

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20
Q

bones of the neurocranium

A

8:

  1. frontal
  2. parietal (2)
  3. occipital
  4. temporal (2)
  5. sphenoid
    6 ethmoid
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21
Q

from the pterygopalatine fossa to the middle cranial fossa pass through the [2]

A
  1. forament rotundum

2. vidian canal

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22
Q

from the pterygopalatine fossa to the infratemporal fossa pass through the

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

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23
Q

from the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasal cavity pass through the

A

sphenopalatine foramen

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24
Q

from the pterygopalatine fossa to the orbit pass through the

A

inferior orbital fissure

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25
Q

from the pterygopalatine fossa to the palate fossa pass through the

A

descending palatine canal

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26
Q

from the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasopharynx pass through the

A

pharyngeal canal

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27
Q

prevents hyperflexion of the cervical column

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

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28
Q

prevents hyper extension of the cervical column

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

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29
Q

bilateral fracture through the pedicles of C2

A

hangman’s fracture

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30
Q

compression fracture of C1 anterior and/or posterior arch lateral masses split and transverse tears

A

jefferson fracture

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31
Q

tip of the spinous process C6-T1 shears off

A

clay shoveler’s fracture

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32
Q

nerve supply to the sternomastoid

A

motor: accessory nerve
proprioceptive: C2-C3

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33
Q

nerve point posterior to the sternocleidomastoid is made up off

A
  1. lesser ocipital
  2. tranverse cervical
  3. suprascapular
  4. greater auricular
  5. supraclavicular
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34
Q

sensation to neck, lower jar, ear are supplied by

A

cervical plexus

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35
Q

sensation to posterior portion of scalp and neck supplied by

A

dorsal rami of cervical nerves

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36
Q

The __________ is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (of CN V3) which innervates mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric.

A

nerve to mylohyoid

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37
Q

ansa cervicalis supplies the _____. which is the exception?

A

infrahyoid muscles

Thyrohyoid is supplied by a C1 branch that travels with the hypoglossal nerve CN XII

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38
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A
  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
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39
Q

Muscles in the suboccipital region(rectus capitus posterior, obliquius capitus, splenius capitus), are supplied by the _________ of cervical spinal nerves, including the _____________

A

Muscles in the suboccipital region(rectus capitus posterior, obliquius capitus, splenius capitus), are supplied by the dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves, including the greater occipital nerve

40
Q

what is the pyramidal lobe?

A

lower remnant of the thyroglossal duct

41
Q

what artery supplies to the thyroid gland

A

thyroid ima artery

42
Q

why does a cervical sinus or fistula cyst develops?

where does this typically occurs?

A

when the 2nd – 4th pharyngeal clefts aren’t obliterated by the overgrowth of the 2nd pharyngeal arch.

They typically occur anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

43
Q

reflex arc

A

slows heart rate below adequate CO when carotid sinuses are stimulated

44
Q

which nerve is found close to the thyroid?

A

recurrent laryngeal

45
Q

what is cut when emergecny procedure is done during a choking situation

A

cricothyroid membrane

46
Q

epidural hematoma most usually caused by a rupture of the

A

middle meningeal artery

47
Q

subdural hermorrhage is due to rupture of the

A

cerebral veins (bridging veins)

48
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage is due to the rupture of the ____

what type of tx. is done?

A

cerebral arteries

Tx.: ventriculoperitoneal shunt

49
Q

berry aneurysm

where does blood accumulate?

A

rupture of the circle of willis (most likely the anterior communicating artery)

blood fills up the subarachnoid space

50
Q

CSF leaking into the nasal cavity through the ________

what is this ocndition called?

A

through the cribiform plate

condition called rhinorrhea

51
Q

basal skull fracture

A

leads to fracture of the cribiform plate—> rhinorrhea

52
Q

how does the CSF emptied into the superior sagittal sinus?

A

via arachnoid granulations

53
Q

what CN pass through cavernous sinus

A

CN 3, 4, 6 and V1 and V2

54
Q

blow out fracture affects which muscles? what happens to the eye?

A

affects inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles and lead the eye to be fixed in a depressed position

55
Q

medial blowout fracture affects the

A

ethmoid bone

56
Q

compression of the optic chiasm by a pituitary tumor can cause loss of

A

peripheral vision first

57
Q

which is the end artery that supplies the inner part of the retina and when occluded will result in total blindness in that eye

A

central artery

58
Q

increased intracranial pressure leads to the swelling of the _______

what is this condition called?

A

swelling of the optic disk and this condition is called papilledema

59
Q

how do you get a pure evelation of the eye?

what about depression?

A

the superior rectus moves the eye up and in, the inferior oblique moves the eye up and out – the in and out motions cancel, producing a pure elevation

depression requires action of both the inferior rectus and superior oblique

60
Q

explain the blink reflex

A

In this case, the afferent (sensory) nerve is the nasociliary nerve of V1, and the efferent (motor) nerve is the facial nerve – CN VII

The Blink Reflex may also be initiated by sound (CN VIII) or, bright light (CN II)

61
Q

bell’s palsy affects which nerve? is sensation also affected?

A

CN 7

nope

62
Q

terminal br. of the opthalmic artery?

where does the opthalmic artery originate from?

A

opthalamic artery orginates from internal carotid

the supraorbital artery is the terminal br.

63
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

sympathetic trunk or superior cervical ganglion has been damaged

64
Q

symptoms are indicative of:

  • constricted pupil,
  • ptosis,
  • vasodilation
  • absence of sweating.
A

Horners syndrome

65
Q

where does the sympathetic chain lies?

A

behind carotid sheath

66
Q

what is this condition?

1) all extraocular muscles affected except superior oblique & lateral rectus
2) pupil dilation (loss of parasympathetics to
constrictor pupillae )
3) ptosis (loss of LPS)

A

left oculomotor nerve palsy

67
Q

pupillary light reflex tests for

A

CN II and CN III (parasympathetic under CN III)

68
Q

how does cleft lip results?

A

from failure of intermaxillary prominence (fusion of medial nasal processes) to fuse with maxillary swelling

69
Q

primary palate formed by

A

intermaxillary segment of medial nasal processes

70
Q

secondaru palate formed from

A

palatine shelves from maxillae grow inward to fuse in midline

71
Q

bone formation in appendicualr and axial skeleton

A

endochondral ossification

72
Q

flat bones of skull derived from condesation of mesenchymal tissue and originally from _____

what type of bone development?

A

originally from neural crest

through intramembranous ossification

73
Q

small mandible due to

A

abnormal development of first pharyngeal arch

74
Q

Why does sensory and motor innervation come from different cranial nerves?

A

Organizing Principle

75
Q

CN to Arch pairing:

Arch 1
Arch 2
Arch 3
Arch 4
Arch 6
A 
Arch 1--> CN V
Arch 2--> CN VII
Arch 3--> CN IX
Arch 4--> CN X
Arch 6--> CN X
76
Q

why does a branchial cleft cyst arise?

A

failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft

77
Q

first cleft forms the

A

external acoustic meatus

78
Q

first pouch forms the

A

middle ear cavity

79
Q

second pouch forms the

A

palatine tonsillar bed

80
Q

third pouch forms the

A

inferior parathyroid and thymus

81
Q

fourth pouch forms the

A

superior parathyroids

82
Q

these are derivatives of what?

  • some CN
  • adrenal medulla
  • melanocytes
  • dorsal root and chain ganglia
A

neural crest

83
Q

what are muscles of the tongue formed from?

A

occipital somites

84
Q

Which joint is gynglymo-arthrodial-diarthrosis type of joint?

A

TMJ

85
Q

what happens if the jaw is opened to why?

A

mandible may displace anteriorly to the articular eminences

86
Q

which muscles when weakened will cause the mandible to deviate

A

lateral and medial pterygoid

87
Q

blood supply to the infratemporal fossa comes from the

A

maxillary artery

88
Q

which nerve supplies sensation to the TMJ and skin over the temporalis muscle and upper part of the ear

A

auricotemporal nerve

89
Q

which sinus cannot drain into the nasal cavity alone by gravity?

A

maxillary

90
Q

nasolacrimal duct drains into

A

inferior meatus

91
Q

sphenoid sinus drains into

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

92
Q

does the SCM receives innervation from CN XI before the nerve crosses the posterior triangle?

A

YASSSSSSS

93
Q

Nerve point is made up off

A
  1. tranverse cervical
  2. lesser occipital
  3. supraclavicular
  4. Greater Auricular
94
Q

Is there a C1 dermatome in the neck and head?

A

NOPEEEEE

95
Q

deep petrosal nerves are post-ganglionic sympathethic fibers that had synapsed in the

A

superior cervical ganglion

96
Q

which muscle closes the eye?

A

orbicularis oculi

Anatomy: head and neck (31 decks)

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