Russia: Five Year Plans and Collectivisation Flashcards
First Five Year Plan
1928-32
Focused on ‘Heavy Industries’
How many peasants had moved to the cities before 1937
17 million
Second Five Year Plan
1933-1937
Focused on the quality and efficiency of what was being produced.
Began to focus on secondary industries.
Conditions for Russians began improving.
Third Five Year Plan
1938-41 (Cut short by Barbarossa)
Originally meant to focus on improvement of consumer goods.
Changed to focus on weapons and military hardware.
Command economy
Planned Economy
GOSPLAN
An organisation that set the overall targets for industry.
Stakhanovite
A Soviet industrial worker awarded recognition and special privileges for output beyond production norms.
Kolkhoz
Collective Farms
Reasons for collectivisation
Kulaks were rising as a class and causing inequality.
To be able to use large machinery
To free up peasants to work in the cities
To ensure there was enough food
More communist approach
More control over the peasants
Motor Tractor Stations
A scheme set up by stalin so that all collective farms had access to tractors
Negatives of Collectivisation
Mass opposition. Est. 10 million Kulaks disappeared
Initial drop in food production which resulted in famine.
Government still took 35% of the harvest to sell overseas
How many people died in the USSR in the 1930’s famine?
14 million
Positives of Collectivisation
Had schools and hospitals
By 1936 there was just enough food for everyone
replaced 25 million backwards farms with 250,000 kolkhoz
Introduced new machinery (MTS)
More control for the communists
What % of the USSR had electricity in 1937?
4%. Less had running water
How were women treated in the USSR?
Equal to men.
Women worked alongside men
Daytime creches were set up for children
Divorce was hard to obtain and abortion was illegal.
