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Naplex > Rx Files Diuretics > Flashcards

Rx Files Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What early diuretic class is no longer used and why?

A

Mercuric: severe ADRs

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2
Q

Osmotic diuretic mechanism of action

A

prevent reabsorption of sodium and water from the proximal tubules

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3
Q

What route is mannitol administered?

A

IV

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4
Q

When might mannitol be used?

A

reduce ICP

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5
Q

How should mannitol always be administered?

A

in-line filter

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6
Q

What are the osmotic diuretics?

A
  • glycerin
  • urea
  • mannitol
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7
Q

What are the aquaretic diuretics?

A

demeclocycline

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8
Q

Aquaretic mechanism of action

A

interferes with the activity of ADH

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9
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can cause severe what?

A

hypokalemia

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10
Q

What disease state is the main role of treatment for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

glaucoma

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11
Q

How can carbonic anhydrase inhibitors effect the excretion of other drug products?

A

altering blood and urine pH level

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12
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have potential cross-sensitivity with

A

sulfonamides

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13
Q

What are the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

acetazolamide

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14
Q

Acetazolamide brand

A

Diamox

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15
Q

What dosage form is acetazolamide available in?

A

IV and PO

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16
Q

Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action

A

act in the distal tubule to prevent reabsorption of sodium and water

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17
Q

Where must thiazides be present in order to exert their effects?

A

luminal fluid

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18
Q

At what CrCl are thiazide’s efficacy questionable?

A

< 30 mL/min

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19
Q

What is the only thiazide with CAI activity?

A

Chlorothiazide

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20
Q

What cross-sensitivity is possible with thiazides?

A

sulfonamides

21
Q

Tiazide onset of action

A

1-2 hours

22
Q

What are possible electrolyte imbalances that can occur with thiazide use?

A
  • hypokalemia
  • hypomagnesemia
  • hyperuricemia
  • hyperglycemia
  • hypercalcemia
23
Q

What drug concentrations should be monitored closely with concomitant use of thiazides?

A

Lithium

24
Q

Thiazides should be taken no later than __:___.

A

5:00 pm

25
Q

What are the thiazide diuretics?

A

HCTZ

26
Q

What are the loop diuretics?

A
  • ethacrynic acid
  • furosemide
  • bumetianide
  • torsemide
27
Q

1 mg of bumetanide = ____ mg of torsemide = ___ mg of furosemide

A

1 mg B = 10 - 20 mg T = 40 mg F

28
Q

Loop diuretic mechanism of action

A

Blocks sodium reabsportion in the ascending loop of Henle

29
Q

Loop diuretic duration of action

A

6-8 hours

30
Q

(T/F) Only torsemide is available IV.

A

False, all loop diuretics are available IV

31
Q

What electrolyte imbalances may result from loop diuretic use?

A
  • hypokalemia
  • hypocalcemia
  • hyperuricemia
  • hyperglycemia
32
Q

How would you circumvent loop diuretic resistance?

A

Add a diuretic with a different MOA 30 min prior to loop diuretic dose

33
Q

Aldosterone antagonist mechanism of action

A

binds to receptors in distal tubules to stimulate the reabsorption of of sodium/water and conserving of potassium

34
Q

Spironolactone acts only when _______ are present.

A

mineralocorticoids

35
Q

What is the active metabolite of spironolactone?

A

canrenone

36
Q

Patients on spironolactone should be closely monitored for __________.

A

hyperkalemia

37
Q

Describe the condition that may develop due to estrogenic effects.

A

Reversible and painful gynecomastia may develop. This is directly related to dose and duration of therapy.

38
Q

Spironolactone indications

A
  • HTN
  • hirsutism
  • excess aldosterone secretion
  • cirrhosis
39
Q

Second generation aldosterone antagonist with reduced affinity for estrogen receptors

A

Eplerenone

40
Q

Eplerenone brand

A

Inspra

41
Q

What are the nonsteroidal potassium sparing diuretics

A
  • triamterene

- amiloride

42
Q

triamterene brand

A

Dyrenium

43
Q

amiloride brand

A

Midamor

44
Q

Triamterene/HCTZ brand

A

Maxzide

Dyazide

45
Q

Amiloride/HCTZ brand

A

Moduretic

46
Q

Triamterene patient counseling point

A

may turn urine a blueish color

47
Q

Thiazide-like diuretic

A

indapamide

48
Q

Indapamide brand

A

Lozol

49
Q

Indapamide is potassium (sparing/wasting).

A

Wasting

Naplex (8 decks)

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