Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What is stroke?

A

The experience of persisting neurological complications of CVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a TIA?

A

A TIA is a brief episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain or retinal ischemia, with clinical symptoms typically lasting less than one hour, and without evidence of acute infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does acute cerebrovascular syndrome cover?

A

With or without evidence of cerebral infarction
Source of embolus (threat)?
With or without evidence of cerebral haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some stroke mimics?

A 
Seizure
Sepsis
Toxic/metabolic
SOL
Pre (syncope)
Acute confusion
Vestibular dysfunction
Functional
Dementia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What score should be used to get the stroke diagnosis correct?

A

Rosier scoe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is the type of stroke found?

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What classification is used to assess the size of stroke?

A

Oxford Classifcation
Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome (TACS)
Partial Anterior Circulation Syndrome (PACS)
Lacunar Syndrome (LACS)
Posterior Circulation Syndrome (POCS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe TACS

A

Hemiplegia involving at least two of face, arm and leg +/- hemisensory loss
Homonymous Hemianopia
Cortical signs (dysphasia, neglect etc)
Most severe (5% alive and independent at 1y)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe PACS

A

2 out of 3 features present in a TACS or;
Isolated Cortical Dysfunction such as dysphasia or;
Pure motor/sensory signs less severe than in lacunar syndromes
(eg monoparesis).
55% of patients alive and independent at 1y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe LACS

A

Lacunar infarcts are small infarcts in the deeper parts of the brain (basal
ganglia, thalamus, white matter) and in the brain stem.
Caused by occlusion of a single deep penetrating artery. Affect 2 any two
of face arm and leg
60% alive and independent at 1y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe POCS

A 
Cranial nerve palsies
Bilateral motor and/or sensory deficits
Conjugate eye movement disorders
Isolated homonymous hemianopia
Cortical blindness
Cerebellar deficits without ipsilateral motor/sensory signs (in
contrast to Ataxic Hemiparetic lacunar syndrome) 
60% alive and independent at 1y
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is laterality important in prognosis/management?

A 
Dominant hemisphere (left) cortical events often affect language (major implications for rehab)
Non dominant hemisphere (right) cortical events affect spatial awareness (neglect)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the components of the full diagnosis of stroke?

A

Type
Size
Laterality
Cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some causes of ischaemic cerebrovascular disease?

A

Atherothromboembolism
Intracranial small-vessel disease
Cardiac source of embolism
Rare causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is type 1 small vessel disease?

A

Ateriosclerotic (age/RF related)

  • Fibrinoid necrosis
  • Lipohyalinosis
  • Microatheroma
  • Microaneurysm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is type 2 small vessel disease?

A

Sporadic and hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy

17
Q

What is type 3 small vessel disease?

A

Genetic small vessel disease distinct from cerebral amyloid angiopathy
e.g. CADASIL

18
Q

What is type 4 small vessel disease?

A

Inflammatory and immunologically mediated

e.g. Churg-Strauss syndrome, Wegener’s granulomatosis

19
Q

What is type 5 small vessel disease?

A

Venous collagenosis

20
Q

What is type 6 small vessel disease?

A

Other small vessel disease

e.g. post radiation angiopathy

21
Q

What are the causes for primary intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Hypertension

Amyloid angiopathy

22
Q

What are the causes for second intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Arteriovenous malformation
Aneurysm
Tumour etc

23
Q

What are lobar and deep haemorrhages more likely to be related to?

A

Lobar: cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Deep: blood pressure

24
Q

What different types of stroke effect treatment?

A 
Cardioembolic
• Fibrin dependent “red thrombus”
– Atheroembolic
• Platelet dependent “white thrombus”: Cf Acute Coronary Syndrome
– Small vessel disease
• Arteriosclerosis
• Microatheroma of the ostium,
• Embolism (athero and cardioembolism)
• changes in hemorrheology
• etc
25
Q

What investigations should be carried out?

A 
Full lipid profile
BP
Carotid scan
ECG
Consider: 24hr ECG, Echo
26
Q

What is the ABCD of medical stroke prevention?

A 
Antithrombotic therapy (antiplatelet/coagulant)
Blood pressure
Cholesterol
DM
Don't smoke
27
Q

What is the ABCD(2) of stroke risk prediction in patients with transient neuro symptoms?

A 
Age >=60 =1
BP >=140/90 =1
Clinical features
-Unilateral weakness=2
-Speech disturbance without weakness=1
-Other=0
Duration
->=60=2
-10-59=1
=5 is considered at serious risk
28
Q

What antiplatelet therapy should be used in stroke prevention?

A

Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Dipyridamole

29
Q

What level of reduction of recurrent stroke at 2 years does carotid endarterectomy show?

A

65%

Neurology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions