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Biology > Test Questions > Flashcards

Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main parts of animal cells?

A 
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria 
Ribosomes
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2
Q

Which parts of a cell are found in plant cells but not animal cells?

A

Cell wall, chloroplasts, permanent vacuole

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3
Q

Name the parts of bacterial cells?

A

Cytoplasm, ribosomes, chromosomal DNA, cell membrane, cell wall

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4
Q

What is the function of a nucleus of a cell?

A

To control the activities of a cell to store the genetic information

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5
Q

If a cell is adapted to do a specialist function, what is it said to be?

A

Specialised

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6
Q

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

A

To provide a place for most of the chemical reactions to take place

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7
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

To control the passage of substance into and out of the cell

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8
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

To provide a place for most of the energy in respiration to be released.

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9
Q

Where does protein synthesis in the cell happen?

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

Which feature do plant cells have which help them to strengthen and support their cells?

A

They have cell walls made of cellulose

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11
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

They absorb light energy to carry out photosynthesis and make glucose

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12
Q

What is found inside the permanent vacuole of plant cells?

A

Cell sap

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13
Q

What is important about the genetic information in a bacterial cell?

A

It is not inside a distinct nucleus

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14
Q

Name two features of a sperm cell

A

Tail to allow it to swim to the egg
Lots of mitochondria meaning lots of energy
Enzymes in the head
23 chromosomes

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15
Q

Why do ciliated cells and sperm cells have lots of mitochondria?

A

They move a to therefore they require lots of energy.

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16
Q

How do dissolved substances move in and out of cells?

A

Diffusion or active transport

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17
Q

What is the definition of diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

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18
Q

Diffusion of water molecules is known as what?

A

Osmosis.

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19
Q

Define active transport.

A

The movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

20
Q

What is needed for active transport to take place?

A

Energy

21
Q

Explain why a piece of potato will decrease in mass when placed in a high concentration solution of sucrose?

A

Because water will move out of the potato through osmosis.

22
Q

What do catalysts do?

A

They increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up.

23
Q

What are biological catalysts called?

A

Enzymes.

24
Q

What type of molecule are enzymes made from?

A

Proteins

25
Q

What property of enzymes is vital for its function?

A

The shape of the enzyme molecule

26
Q

What do high temperatures do to the enzyme?

A

Change the shape of the enzyme molecule - the enzyme is denatured

27
Q

What other factor is important for enzymes to function correctly?

A

Ph

28
Q

What does denatured mean?

A

When the active site of an enzyme changes shape.

29
Q

What does amylase do?

A

It catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine.

30
Q

What does protease do?

A

It catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine.

31
Q

What does lipase do?

A

It catalyses the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine.

32
Q

What is the name of the type of cell division seen in body cells?

A

Mitosis

33
Q

What first happens to the genetic material (DNA) when a cell body divides?

A

It is copied

34
Q

How many times does a body cell divide?

A

Once

35
Q

How does the genetic information of a new cell, produce by a body cell dividing, compare with the original cell?

A

They are identical

36
Q

What is another name for ‘sex cells’?

A

Gametes

37
Q

What is the name of the type of cell division that produces gametes?

A

Meiosis

38
Q

What happens once an egg has been fertilised?

A

Mitosis

39
Q

Why do body cells divide?

A

For growth and repair

40
Q

Where do human cells come from?

A

Embryos and adult bone marrow

41
Q

What can human stem cells have the ability to do?

A

Develop into any type of human cell

42
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a human body cell?

A

23 pairs/ 46

43
Q

Describe the structure of a DNA molecule

A

Double helxi

44
Q

State the complementary base pairs found in DNA

A

A-T

C-G

45
Q

Which 3 ‘chemical’ substances would you need if you were trying to extract DNA from kiwi fruit?

A

Salt, ethanol and washing up liquid

46
Q

What was the purpose of the Human Genome project?

A

To sequence all of the bases in the human genome

47
Q

State 2 potential benefits of the Human Genome Project

A

Improved genetic testing for disorders
New ways of finding new genes that may increase risks of certain diseases
New treatments and cures for diseases
New ways at looking at changes in the genome over time
Personalised medicines that work with a particular genotype.

Biology (2 decks)

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