Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

[OS 206] 2nd Exam > Trans - Gastric Motility > Flashcards

Trans - Gastric Motility Flashcards

0
Q

Which structure is mismatched with their description?

a. stomach - initial digestion of proteins
b. UES - Cricopharyngeus
c. LES - Circular Muscle thickening
d. Pylorus - Oblique Muscle thickening

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Which of the ff is not a function of the GI System?

a. facilitate speech
b regulate blood components
c. digest food and absorb nutrients
d. NOTA
b.
A

d. NOTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What layer is responsible for propulsion of bolus?

A

Muscularis Externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which muscle layer is most affected by hypotension?

A

Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which layer is most susceptible to necrosis?

A

Mucosa; because it is farthest from vasculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Part of enteric nervous system found in submucosa?

A

Meissner’s plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Part of enteric nervous system found between circular and longitudinal muscle layers

A

Auerbach’s plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parts of the GIT without serosa

A

Esophagus; most of the rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 Components of GI regulatory system

A

CNS, Enteric Nervous System; Enteroendocrine cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Differentiate short reflex and long reflex in the GIT

A

Short reflex: signals from chemoreceptors, osmoreceptors, mechanoreceptors reach nerve plexus and smooth muscle/glands producing a response; Long: signaling involves spinal cord and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F smooth muscle lack cross- striations and thick an thin filaments

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cellular components that helps in efficiency of contractions

A

dense bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F GI smooth muscle act as one, are fast acting, hence more efficient

A

F; act as one, SLOW acting; more efficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer do? circular?

A

L: decrease length
C: decrease diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functions of UES

A

voluntary control of swallowing (e.g. option not to swallow spoiled food)
prevents:
entry of air into trachea; gas into esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F the LES is anatomically distinct

A

F; physiological only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which anal sphincter contributes the most to maintaining fecal continence?

A

Internal Anal Sphincter (70-80%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pacemaker of the GI

A

Interstitial Cells of Cajal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic (stimulatory) innervation for the GIT. After Vagotomy, will GI motility cease?

A

No. as long as Interstitial cells of Cajal is intact, there will be GI Motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F No ICC no GI motility

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What cellular feature of the ICC make them act as one functional unit?

A

gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F much of the neural and hormonal regulation of GI functions are intrinsic to the GIT

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the GI from the esophagus to the ascending colon is via which nerves?

A

vagus nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the GI from the transverse colon to rectum is via which nerves?

A

Pelvic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Resting membrane potential of smooth muscle

A

-56mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

slow undulating changes in RMP

A

slow waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

True action potential that produces AP

A

<-40mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T/F higher slow waves = less spike potential

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T/F muscle contractions produced by spike potential is greater in force than contractions produced by slow waves

A

F; slow waves do not produce AP; therefore comparison can’t be done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what stimulate spike potentials?

A

stretch, Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what does sympathetic innervation do to the membrane potential? what does this imply?

A

hyperpolarize from -56 to -70mV; inhibition - decrease muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

T/F contractile force increase with number of APs

A

T because of temporal summation

32
Q

GIT segments in decreasing order of contraction rate

A 
Stomach - 3/min
Sphincter of Oddi - 4/min
Colon - 6/min
Ileum -9/min
Jejunum -11/min
Duodenum - 12/min
33
Q

contraction is facilitates by _______ and _______; relaxation is facilitated by ___ and ___

A

Ach, tachykinins; VIP, NO

34
Q

[analogy] Peristalsis:transit::Segmentation:______

A

mixing

35
Q

Long sustained contraction that serve to limit flow

A

Tonic Contraction

36
Q

what kind of movement are peristalsis ans segmentation?

A

phasic

37
Q

which is more important? segmentation or peristalsis?

A

segmentation

38
Q

causes of tonic contraction

A

repititive spike potentials, continuous depolarization of smooth muscle by hormones, continuous entry of Ca2+

39
Q

The pylorus can only empty particles that <1mm in diameter. how are these removed?

A

MMC; specifically phase III

40
Q

which MMC phase is absent in Diabetics?

A

Phase III; thus bezoar forms

41
Q

what stimulates MMC?

A

motilin; erythromycin

42
Q

Fed pattern vs MMC

A

fed pattern: contractions are longer but weaker

MMC: stronger contractions; shorter duration

43
Q

T/F fed pattern lasts longer with fatty food

A

T; harder to digest

44
Q

areas of the GIT without MMC

A

esophagus and colon

45
Q

Segment with longest transit time; shortest? what are the implications of transit time?

A

longest: colon; more susceptible to CA
shortest: esophagus; less susceptible to CA

46
Q

What is the implication of a lower thoracic pressure compared to abdominal pressure?

A

chyme would tend to go up the esophagus from abdominal to thoracic part;

47
Q

which has a greater resting pressure, UES or LES? what does the difference imply?

A

UES(50-150)>LES(15-50); UES can prevent reflux into respiratory tree

48
Q

What controls UES tonic contraction?LES?

A

neural via vagus; hormonal(VIP, NO) and neural (Vagus)

49
Q

after how many days of fasting will GI motility decrease to conserve energy?

A

4

50
Q

3 phases of swallowing

A

oral
pharyngeal
esophageal

51
Q

which esophageal peristalsis has no relation to food intake?

A

tertiary

52
Q

condition characterized by not having enough nerves in distal esophagus

A

achalasia

53
Q

parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of stomach

A

vagus; celiac nerves

54
Q

empty stomach fasting vol and resting pressure

A

> =50mL; 7-50mmHg

55
Q

what is the trend of action potential as you go down the stomach

A

increase

56
Q

what allows the stomach to accommodate large volumes with little increase in intragastric pressure

A

volume adaptation phenomenon

57
Q

Which empties faster, liquid/solid?

A

liquid;

58
Q

T/F if the first portion of the name of the reflex is anatomically more proximal than the second part, the reflex is inhibitory, otherwise excitatory

A

excitatory; inhibitory

59
Q

where is the vomiting center located?

A

medulla; specifically obex

60
Q

In retching, why is it that nothing comes out when one ‘vomits’

A

because UES does not relax

61
Q

what complication can result from severe retching?

A

tear of LES

62
Q

Steps in vomiting

A 
deep inspiration
closure of glottis
elevation of soft palate
diaphragm contraction
ab muscles contractiob
LES UES relaxation
Gastric contents into esophagus
63
Q

describe the gastrocolic reflex

A

colon gets stimulated after eating due to distension of stomach(presence of food) and products of digestion in small intestine; mass movements are initiated reulting to urge to defecate

64
Q

What is the only proximal-to-distally named reflex that is inhibitory?

A

Rectoanal reflex

65
Q

What happens when there’s a lot of accumulated feces in the rectum?

A

rectoanal reflex; inc pressure, dec in IAS pressure. feces can still be held due to EAS

66
Q

Constipation vs. Obstipation

A

Constipation: defecation less than 3x a week
Obstipation: no passage of stool/ flatus secondary to obstruction

67
Q

What causes relaxation of Sphincter of Oddi?

A

CCK

68
Q

What are the causes of gall bladder contraction?

A

Secretin; bile acids, vagal stimulation

69
Q

[analogy] Proximal obstruction: extreme vomiting:: Low/Colon obstruction: ________

A

extreme constipatiob

70
Q

[symptoms] obstruction in the esophagus

A

vomiting (non acidic)

71
Q

[symptoms] obstruction in the pylorus

A

acidic vomitus

72
Q

[symptoms] obstruction in the proximal and 2nd part of duodenum

A

neutral-basic vomitus

73
Q

[symptoms] obstruction in the below duodenum before right colon

A

neutral-basic vomitus with bile stain

74
Q

[symptoms] obstruction in the R colon

A

diarrhea

75
Q

[symptoms] obstruction in the L colob

A

constipation

76
Q

difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

77
Q

painful swallowing

A

Odynophagia

[OS 206] 2nd Exam (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions