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Organ histology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Major layers of the heart

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium

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2
Q

What are the layers of the Endocardium

A

Endothelium
Subendothelial layer
Subendocardial layer

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3
Q

What type of Tissue makes up the Endothelium

A

Simple Squamous

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4
Q

What tissues make up the Sub Endothelial layer of the endocardium

A 
Loose Ct = Fibroelastic
Dense Irregular (collagen 1 + elastic + smooth muscle)
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5
Q

What special fibers are found in the subendocardial layer

A

Purkinjefibers

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6
Q

Why are myofibrils in purkinje fibers peripherally placed

A

Because of the glycogen in the purkinje fibers displace the myofibrils

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7
Q

What attaches Purkinje fibers together

A

Gap junctions and Macula adherens

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8
Q

What is different in the fiber composition in the atrial myocardium vs the ventricle

A 
Atria = more elastic fibers
Ventricle = Lots of muscles
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9
Q

What is found on the transverse portion of intercalated discs

A

Macula adherens

Fascia adherens

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10
Q

What is found on the longitudinal portion of intercalated discs

A

Large gap junctions

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11
Q

What are the functions of Intercalated discs

A

Attach cardiac myocytes
Stabilize myofibrils
Cell to cell communication

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12
Q

What part of the intercalated discs attach cardiac myocytes together

A

Macula adherens

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13
Q

What part of the intercalated discs stabilize myofibrils

A

Fascia adherens

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14
Q

What part of the intercalated discs provide cell to cell communication

A

Large gap junctions

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15
Q

What does SNS activation of cardiac muscles do

A

Increase HR

Increase contraction force

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16
Q

What does Para symp activation of cardiac muscle do

A

Slow HR

Decrease contraction force

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17
Q

What specialized cells in the atria and septum of the heart release hormones

A

Myoendocrine cells

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18
Q

What is the function of the Myoendocrine

A

Fluid and electrolyte balance

Decrease BP

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19
Q

What layer of the heart are myoendocrine cells found

A

Myocardium

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20
Q

What are the two parts of the pericardium

A

Serous Pericardium

Parietal pericardoum

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21
Q

What are the two parts of the Serous or parietal pericardium

A

Epicardium

Mesothelium

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22
Q

What make up with Sub-epicardial layer of the epicardium

A

Coronary vessels
Nerves
Adipose

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23
Q

What does the mesothelium of the percardium do

A

Secrete a serous lubricating fluid

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24
Q

What makes the parietal pericardium so strong

A

It is a layer of fibroelastic CT

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25
Q

How much fluid is in the pericardial sac

A

15-50ml

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26
Q

What are heart valves made up of

A

Endothelium with dense irregular Ct below

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27
Q

What type of fibers make up the dense irregular CT of a heart valve

A

Collagen 1 and elastic fibers

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28
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton

A

High density CT layer of the heart that forms and anchors valves

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29
Q

What is the cardiac skeleton made up of

A

Dense irregular CT

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30
Q

What are the three main components of the Cardiac skeleton

A

Annuli fibrosi
Trigonum fibrosum
Septum membranaceum

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31
Q

Where is the annuli fibrosi

A

the base of aorta and pulmonary artery

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32
Q

Where is the trigonum fibrosum

A

Cusps of aortic valve

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33
Q

Where is the septum membranaceum

A

Upper portion of the interventricular septum

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34
Q

What is the function of the septum membranaceum

A

Provide an origin and insertion for cardiac monocytes

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35
Q

What type of CT are chordae tendinae

A

Dense regular

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36
Q

What is the function of the Cardiac Skeleton

A

Ensure individual chamber contractions

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37
Q

What is chest pain brought on by exertion

A

Angina

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38
Q

What causes angina

A

Progressive narrowing or coronary vessels = Less O2

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39
Q

What is an abnormal heart rhythem

A

Dysrthmia

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40
Q

What Blood vessel layer is a continuation of the Endocardium of the heart

A

Tunica intima

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41
Q

What blood vessel layer is continuation of the Myocardium of the heart

A

Tunica media

42
Q

What blood vessel layer is a continuation of the Epicardium of the heart

A

Tunica Adventitia

43
Q

What are elastic arteries also called

A

Conducting arteries

44
Q

What are examples of conducting arteries (elastic arteries)

A

Aorta
Common iliacs
Carotid
Subclavian

45
Q

What is the most dominant layer in an artery

A

Tunica Media

46
Q

What layer of elastic arteries has fenestrated sheets of elastic fibers

A

Tunica media

47
Q

What layer of arteries contain numerous Vasa Vasorum

A

Tunica adventicia

48
Q

What are vasa vasorum

A

Small blood vessels supplying large blood vessels

49
Q

What is the tunica intima mainly made up of

A

Thick connective tissue with collagen 1 fibers

50
Q

What is another name for muscular arteries

A

Distributing arteries

51
Q

What layer is the largest in arteries

A

Tunica media

52
Q

What layer within the tunica intima of muscular arteries is well developed

A

Internal elastic lamina

53
Q

What type of tissue makes up the tunica intima

A

Endothelium

54
Q

What type of muscle is found in the tunica media of muscular arteries

A

Circular smooth muscle

55
Q

What type of tissue makes up most of the tunica adventicia of arteries

A

Fibrous Connective tissue

56
Q

Arteriole structure is similar to muscular artery structure except for

A

Arterioles do not have elastic laminae

57
Q

What layer of the artery is most likely to be affected by atherosclerosis

A

Tunica intima

58
Q

What layer is missing in metaarterioles

A

Tunica media

59
Q

What controls blood flow into true capillaries

A

Pre-Capillary sphincters

60
Q

Where can you find Ateriovenous anastomosis (AV shunts)

A

SKin
Stomach
Erectile tissue

61
Q

What influences capillary flow

A

Metarterioles
Shunts
Lumen size
Precapillary sphincters

62
Q

What is the function of pinocytotic vesicles in capillaries

A

Restricts diffusion of large M/C

63
Q

What is the function of Fasciae occludens in capillaries

A

Move macromolecules

Allow cell movement

64
Q

What are the three types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

65
Q

What is the most common type of capillary

A

Continuous

66
Q

What type of capillaries contain pericytes

A

Continuous

67
Q

What replaces Fasciae Occludens in CNS capillaries

A

Zonula occludens

68
Q

What is thee function of Pericytes

A

Healing

Regulate Blood flow

69
Q

Where are Fenestrated Capillaries located

A

Pancreas
Intestines
Endocrine organs
Kidneys

70
Q

What type of capillaries have thin protein diaphragms

A

Fenestrated Capillaries

71
Q

What is the function of Fenestrated capillaries

A

Allow greater movement of molecules in cells

72
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries located

A

Bone marrow
Liver
Spleen
Lymphatics

73
Q

What is different between fenestrated capillaries and sinusoidal capillaries

A

Sinusoidal capillaries have holes (fenestration) but no diaphragm

74
Q

What type of capillaries have the greatest exchange between blood and tissues

A

Sinudoidal capillaries

75
Q

What are valves in veins made up of

A

Two flaps of tunica intima and fibroelastic tissue

76
Q

What is the function of a valve in a vein

A

Prevent backflow

77
Q

What keeps blood moving in veins

A

Skeletal muscles

78
Q

What layers are in postcapillary venules

A

Tunica intima

79
Q

Collecting venules contain what luminal wall layers

A

Tunica intima

Tunica adventitia

80
Q

What veins contain all three luminal wall layers

A

Muscular venules

81
Q

What veins have the most pericytes

A

Postcapillary veins

82
Q

What veins have the least amount of pericytes

A

Muscular veins

83
Q

What is the structure of small veins

A

Similar to venules except they have a complete tunica media

84
Q

What veins contain numerous vavles

A

Medium veins

85
Q

What layer is the thickest in medium veins

A

Tunica adventitia

86
Q

What is different in the tunica intima between large veins and medium veins

A

Large veins have a thicker CT layer in the tunica intima

87
Q

Which luminal wall layer is well developed in superficial veins of the legs

A

Tunica media

88
Q

Which luminal wall layer is well developed in pulmonary veins

A

Tunica media

89
Q

What veins contain some cardiac muscle in the tunica adventitia

A

Pulmonary

Superior and inferior vena cava

90
Q

What is the function of Lymphatic vessels

A

Drain excess fluid
Transport lymph to nodes
Transport lymph to blood stream

91
Q

Do lymphatic capillaries have paeicytes

A

no

92
Q

Do lymphatic capillary endothelial cells have tight junctions

A

no

93
Q

DO lymphatic capillary endothelial cells have anchoring filaments

A

yes

94
Q

What luminal wall layers to medium and large lymphatic vessels contain

A

All three

95
Q

What component of lymphatic vessels support endothelia walls so capillaries stay open

A

Anchoring filaments

96
Q

what allows movement across lymphatic vessels

A

Clefts formed by overlapping endothelial cells

97
Q

What redicects blood away from capillary beds

A

AVA shunts

98
Q

What structure in the tunica adventitia supplies cells with the materials they need to survive

A

Vasa vasorum

99
Q

What is associated with vessels called thoroughfare channels

A

Metarterioles

100
Q

What is the tunica media of Elastic arteries mainly made up of

A

Fenestrated elastic laminae

101
Q

What is the tunica media of muscular arteries mainly made up of

A

Smooth muscle

Organ histology (8 decks)

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