Urinary System Flashcards
What do the kidney do kidney?
Filters blood and produce urine
What are the functions of the kidney?
- Excrete waste (ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine, urochrome, toxins and drugs).
- Regulate blood pressure.
- Regulate chemical composition of blood (pH, solute concentration).
- Regulate erythropoiesis.
- Produce erythropoietin (EPO) in response to hypoxia.
- Activate vitamin D.
- Stimulated by parathyroid hormone
What type of structure of the kidney is this?
_____-Outer region contains renal corpuscles and tubules of nephrons.
Renal cortex
What type of structure of the kidney is this?
_____-region deep to the cortex that contains renal columns and pyramids
Renal Medulla
In renal Medulla:
______-are connective tissue extensions that radiate downward from the cortex through the medulla to separate the most characteristic features of the medulla, the renal pyramids and renal papillae. The renal columns also serve to divide the kidney into 6–8 lobes and provide a supportive framework for vessels that enter and exit the cortex.
renal columns
In renal Medulla:
_____-contain collecting ducts and loops of Henle (nephron loops).
o Renal papillae are the ends of collecting ducts that transport urine made by nephrons to the minor calyces.
Pyramids
Minor calyces join to form _____-
major calyces
Major calyces come together to form the _______
renal pelvis
______-that drains into the ureter at the renal hilum (concave medial surface).
renal pelvis
_____-transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder.
Ureters
_____-Lined by mucosa with a transitional epithelium surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle.
o As urine passes through the ureter, it does not passively drain into the bladder but rather is propelled by waves of peristalsis.
Ureters
As the _____ enter the pelvis, they sweep laterally, hugging the pelvic walls. As they approach the bladder, they turn medially and pierce the bladder wall obliquely. This is important because it creates an one-way valve (a physiological sphincter rather than an anatomical sphincter) that allows urine into the bladder but prevents reflux of urine from the bladder back into the ureter.
ureters
______-collects urine from both ureters and stores urine until voiding (emptying of the bladder is commonly known as urination or more formally known as micturition).
Urinary bladder
• The ______ bladder is a highly distensible organ allowing expansion as urine accumulates. The interior surface is made of transitional epithelium that is structurally suited for the large volume fluctuations of the bladder. When empty, it resembles columnar epithelia, but when stretched, it “transitions” (hence the name) to a flat squamous appearance.
Urinary bladder
The bulk of the wall of the urinary bladder is comprised of irregular crisscrossing bands of smooth muscle collectively called the _______
detrusor muscle.
_____-transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body for disposal.
Urethra
o In both sexes the proximal urethra is lined by ______ whereas the terminal portion is a nonkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. In the longer male urethra, pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the urethra between these two cell types.
transitional epithelium,
• The urethra in both males and females begins inferior and central to the two ureteral openings forming the three points of a triangular-shaped area at the base of the bladder called the______(Greek tri- = “triangle” and the root of the word “trigonometry”).
trigone
The proximal entrance to the urethra from the urinary bladder is surrounding by the internal urinary sphincter, consisting of smooth muscle and the external urinary sphincter below it consisting of _____-
skeletal muscle.
