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History > WorldHistory_To1550 > Flashcards

WorldHistory_To1550 Flashcards

1
Q

killed his brother Bleda in 445 AD to lead all the ____

A

Attila the Hun

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2
Q

Known as the “scourge of God”

A

Attila the Hun

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3
Q

died on his wedding night

A

Attila the Hun

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4
Q

extracted tribute from Byzantium / Eastern Roman Empire and also attacked them in 5th century

A

Attila the Hun

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5
Q

discovered the Pacific Ocean and claimed it for Spain

A

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

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6
Q

national currency of Panama

A

balboa

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7
Q

this play by T.S. Eliot dramatizes Thomas Becket’s death

A

Murder in the Cathedral (1935)

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8
Q

King ___ killed Archbishop of Canterbury ____ over his knights misunderstanding of something they overheard

A

Henry II, Thomas a Becket

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9
Q

Italian politician, cardinal (but he quit) of the late 15th and ealry 16th centuries, known for his treachery and cruelty

A

Cesare Borgia

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10
Q

Sister of Cesare Borgia, also famous for her treachery, 3 arranged marriages from her father the pope including one at age 13 in 1493 to Giovanni Sforza, died during childbirth

A

Lucrezia Borgia

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11
Q

Became Pope Alexander VI in 1492, father to Cesare and Lucrezia

A

Rodrigo Borgia

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12
Q

was the model for and idealized in Machiavelli’s “The Prince”

A

Cesare Borgia

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13
Q

she poisons a roomful of dinner guests in a Donizetti opera

A

Lucrezia Borgia

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14
Q

from 4000 BC to 2000 BC, people learned to make ___ tools, the wheel and the ox-drawn plow were used

A

Bronze Age

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15
Q

German title for emperor, derived from Rome’s title of Caesar

A

Kaiser

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16
Q

Russian title for emperor, derived from Rome’s title of Caesar

A

Tzar

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17
Q

Cruel and insane ruler of the Roman Empire in the 1st century AD, 3rd of the 12 Caesars, 1st Roman emperor to be murdered

A

Caligula

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18
Q

Roman emperor whose name means “Little Boot”

A

Caligula

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19
Q

he appointed his horse to the senate, declared war on the ocean, and made his dead sister a goddess

A

Caligula

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20
Q

2nd Roman emperor, ruled when Jesus was crucified

A

Tiberius

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21
Q

4th Roman emperor, may have been killed by his wife Agrippina (the younger) in 54 AD so his adopted son Nero could take over

A

Claudius

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22
Q

5th Roman emperor, started at age 16, 1st Roman emperor to commit suicide, started the “Year of the Four Emperors” brief period of civil wars

A

Nero

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23
Q

had his mom Agrippina the Younger and wife Octavia murdered, kicked his mistress to death while she was pregnant

A

Nero

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24
Q

Great Fire of Rome occurred (some think he started it to clear land for his planned palatial complex) during his reign, “he fiddled when Rome burned”, he blamed Christianity, executed Apostles Peter and Paul

A

Nero

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25
Q

1st Roman Emperor and founder of the Roman Empire after the “first settlement” with the Roman Senate, ruled initially as part of the triumvirate with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus, originally named Octavian, adopted as part of Caesar’s will after he died

A

Augustus

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26
Q

ruled during beginning of Pax Romana, but dramatically enlarged the Empire

A

Augustus

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27
Q

1st 5 Roman Emperors

A

Augustus, Tiberius, Caligurnia, Claudius, Nero

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28
Q

his sister married Mark Antony and he defeated Mark Antony

A

Augustus

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29
Q

Jesus was born during this Roman Emperor’s rein

A

Augustus

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30
Q

said he found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble

A

Augustus

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31
Q

the wars between Rome and Carthage between 264 BC and 146 BC, Rome won all 3, Hannibal led Carthiage in the 2nd, Carthage was destroyed in the 3rd

A

Punic Wars

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32
Q

Extracted snails to make a purple dye - had a monopoly, great sailors throughout Mediterranean from 1200 BC to 539 BC

A

Phoenecians

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33
Q

developed first Western alphabet using letters for sounds instead of words/syllables like Hieroglyphics, adapted by Greeks/Romans into the alphabet used for written English

A

Phoenecians

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34
Q

Located in modern day Lebanon & Israel from 1200 BC to 539 BC, capitals were Byblos, then Tyre, also founded Carthage, modern day Tripoli, and Palermo

A

Phoenecia

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35
Q

city in North Africa founded by the Phoenecians (super-sailors)

A

Carthage

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36
Q

First emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, crowned in 800, The Father of Europe

A

Charlemagne

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37
Q

Charles the Great, was king of the Franks in late 8th and early 9th centuries

A

Charlemagne

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38
Q

Charlemagne’s father, left the kingdom to Charlemagne (very tall) and Carloman (who later died)

A

Pepin the Short

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39
Q

His son who succeeded Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor

A

Louis the Pious (Louis I)

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40
Q

Father to Pepin the Short, “The Hammer”, he “hammered” the Muslims from ruling France

A

Charles Martel

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41
Q

Mark Antony killed himself on hearing a false report that she was dead

A

Cleopatra

42
Q

committed suicide by allowing an asp to bite her

A

Cleopatra

43
Q

____ starting building the Colosseum, ____ finished it and opened it with 100 days of games

A

Vespasian, Titus

44
Q

____ conquered crushed the Jewish rebels and in 70 AD destroyed the temple in Jerusalem (before he became Emperor)

A

Titus

45
Q

Augustus established them in the 20s BC to protect the emperor, Constantine disbanded them in 312 for being loyal to Roman Emperor Maxentius

A

Praetorian Guard

46
Q

Mount Vesuvius erupted over Pompeii in 79 AD during this Emperor’s rein, he provided financial aid

A

Titus

47
Q

Expanded Rome’s territory to be the biggest it would ever be

A

Trajan

48
Q

This Roman’s campaign against the Dacians in the early 2nd century was commemorated in a relief on a famous column

A

Trajan

49
Q

newphew of Trajan, Roman Emperor who built a wall in Northern Britain in 122 AD to keep out the barbarians (no official reason)

A

Hadrian

50
Q

Roman emperor who killed his own father (just as Joaquin Phoenix did in “Gladiator”). Believed he was Hercules and dressed and fought as a Gladiator.

A

Commodus

51
Q

Roman Emperor who wrote “Meditations” which preached a stoic philosophy (who cares we’re all going to die), murdered by Commodus in the movie Gladiator (probably not in real life)

A

Marcus Aurelius

52
Q

Greatest orator of ancient Greece, delivered speeches called Philippics attacking King Philip of Macedon

A

Demosthenes

53
Q

Dutch scholar of the Renaissance who wrote “The Praise of Folly” urging changes in Christians, early source for Protestant Revolution

A

Desiderius Erasmus

54
Q

Norwegian explorer in about 1000 AD who discovered a place in North America called “Vinland” (Maine / New England / Newfoundland area), nicknamed “The Lucky”

A

Leif Ericson

55
Q

Discovered Greenland, made it sound good enough to convince Icelanders to come there, father of Lief Ericson

A

Erik the Red

56
Q

in feudalism, a landed estate given by a lord to a vassal in return for the vassal’s service to the lord

A

fief

57
Q

in feudalism, a subordinate who placed himself in service to a lord in return for the lord’s protection

A

vassal

58
Q

Battle where William the Conqueror defeated King Harold in England in 1066

A

Battle of Hastings

59
Q

period from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC to the middle of the 1st century BC, marked Greek and Macedonian emigration to areas conquered by Alexander.

A

Hellenistic Age

60
Q

Ancient Greek historian, the father of history, started Western history in 5th century BC by writing about the history of the invasion of Greece by Persia

A

Herodotus

61
Q

Greek historian in late 1st century AD who wrote “Parallel Lives” a collection of biographies, participated in both Rome and Greece

A

Plutarch

62
Q

14th century Renaissance Italian scholar and poet, “Father of Humanism”

A

Petrarch

63
Q

Italian sonnets to his beloved Laura, a style is named after him (sonnet has 14 lines)

A

Petrarch

64
Q

First Grand Inquisitor in Spain, burned 2,000 at the stake, expelled Jews from Spain

A

Torquemada

65
Q

Age starting on 2000 BC

A

Iron Age

66
Q

Empire that flourished in West Africa during the 13th/14th centuries, extensive trading empire along the Niger River

A

Mali Empire

67
Q

capital was of the Mali Empire, a center for trading and Islam, a fabled city since not much is known about it

A

Timbuktu

68
Q

Battle where the ancient Greeks defeated a much larger army of the Persian Empire, messenger ran back to Athens and died to tell the story

A

Battle of Marathon

69
Q

Florence ruler of the 15th century, “Lorenzo the Magnificent”, patron of Botticelli, Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci (Machiavelli dedicated “The Prince” to him in hopes of a position to support his family)

A

Lorenzo de Medici

70
Q

Epic poem of this Sumerian king written on cuneiform about 4,000 years ago

A

Gilgamesh

71
Q

Sumerian writing system which used triangular marks

A

cuneiform

72
Q

Dynasty that ruled China from 1368 to 1644, marked great expansion of Chinese commerce to East Africa, Middle East, and SE Asia, Great Wall of China mostly built during this time, known for porcelain and vases

A

Ming Dynasty

73
Q

China’s last Emperial Dynasty from 1644 to 1912, run by the Manchus (foreigners from the North), Boxer Rebellion in 1899 to 1901

A

Qing Dynasty / Manchu Dynasty

74
Q

Name of Chinese empire under Kublai Khan from 1271-1368

A

Yuan Dynasty / Mongol Dynasty

75
Q

Aztec emperor of the 16th century who was overthrown by Hernando Cortes

A

Montezuma

76
Q

Another way to say Traveler’s diarrhea, particularly when Americans visit Mexico

A

Montezuma’s revenge

77
Q

English statesman / scholar, author of “Utopia”, killed by Henry VIII for refusing to recognize him as the head of the Roman Catholic Church in England

A

Sir Thomas More

78
Q

Thucydides wrote a history of the this war, also said that history tends to “repeat itself

A

Peloponnesian War

79
Q

Ruled Persia at its peak from 522 BC to 486 BC, defeated at Battle of Marathon by the Greeks

A

Darius I / Darius the Great

80
Q

Son of Darius I, captured and burned Athens in 480 BC

A

Xerxes the Great / Xerxes I

81
Q

Alexander the Great defeated this Persian king in 331 BC but was unable to capture him, he was killed by his cousin

A

Darius III

82
Q

Freed the Jews from their Babylonian captivity, orders rebuilding of 2nd temple of Jerusalem, created th largest empire (at the time) the world had ever seen

A

Cyrus the Great

83
Q

___ destroyed the 1st temple of Jerusalem in 586 BC, ___ destroyed the 2nd in 70 AD

A

Babylonians, Romans under Titus

84
Q

____ built the 1st temple of Jerusalem in 957 BC, ____ built the 2nd temple of Jerusalem in 516 BC

A

King Solomon, Cyrus the Great

85
Q

Conquered Puerto Rico for spain, also discovered and named Florida (started St. Augustine city) while searching for the Fountain of Youth, first to describe the Gulf Stream

A

Juan Ponce de Leon

86
Q

Ancient Greek astronomer who lived in Egypt from 90 to 168 AD, calculated the motions of the planets in “Almagast” based on geocentric model that held up until Copernicus in 1543

A

Ptolemy

87
Q

Macedonian general under Alexander the Great who became ruler of Egypt from 323 - 283 BC, from 323 BC to 30 BC all Egypt’s Macedonian kings shared this name until Cleopatra VII lost Egypt to Rome

A

Ptolemy I

88
Q

Founded Presbyterian denomination, leader of Protestant Reformation in Scotland

A

John Knox

89
Q

Ruled while Richard I was away (he overthrew William Longchamp who Richard actually appointed), Robin Hood and his men preferred Richard

A

King John (character in Robin Hood is “Prince John”)

90
Q

Kurdish general who conquered Egypt and Syria in the 12th century, known for his legendary military genius and generosity, Egyptian flag has the Eagle of _____

A

Saladin

91
Q

recaptured Jerusalem which caused a crusade, he fought Richard the Lionheart, 3rd crusade ended in a treaty

A

Saladin

92
Q

Italian monk in Florence who’s fiery oratory whipped up popular fervor against corruption of church and state, in particular the Medici family, convicted of heresy and hanged and burned

A

Girolamo Savonarola

93
Q

name the 7 wonders of the ancient world

A

Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, Lighthouse of Alexandria

94
Q

pharaoh of Egypt in about 1400 BC, reign was uneventful (he died at 19), but discovery of hus tomb in 1920s uncovered lost of great archaeological discoveries, known as “King Tut”

A

Tutankhamen

95
Q

26th century Egyptian pharaoh who built the Great Pyramid

A

Cheops (Khufu)

96
Q

Roman priestesses in service of Vesta who took vows of chastity, unchastity was punished by being buried alive

A

vestal virgins

97
Q

Goths split up in 370 into the ____ (west of the Dniester River), and the ____ east of the river

A

Visigoths, Ostrogoths

98
Q

Sacked Rome first in 410 AD, then settled in southern Gaul / Iberian peninsula, kicked out of Gaul by Franks, invaded and defeated by Islamic Moors in 711

A

Visigoths

99
Q

By 439 they occupied Carthage, became Mediterranean pirates, sacked Rome in 455 (got their reputation then), conquered by Byzantine Empire in 534

A

Vandals

100
Q

nomadic people of central Asia who settled near Danube basin around 900, crowned the first king of Hungary at the end of 10th century, ruled Hungary until merged with Austria in 1867, Hungarian language also known as this

A

Magyars

History (5 decks)

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