ILTS Science: Biology 239 Flashcards
All the top concepts on the official ILTS Science: Biology 239 exam.
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Decks in this class (29)
Nature of Scientific Knowledge
Learn the steps of scientific inquiry and engineering design, including developing research questions, planning investigations, selecting tools, and analyzing and communicating findings.
30
cards
Experiments and the Scientific Method
Describe how the scientific method guides experimentation. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative data, and understand scientific notation and hypothesis testing.
98
cards
Scientific Argumentation & Use of Evidence
Understand how to construct and evaluate scientific explanations and arguments using appropriate evidence, and distinguish correlation from causation when interpreting results.
17
cards
Crosscutting Concepts in Science & Engineering
Recognize and apply crosscutting concepts such as patterns, cause and effect, systems, stability and change, and energy/matter flows across biological and physical systems.
24
cards
Scientific Literacy & Reading in Science
Build knowledge of strategies for reading, interpreting, and critically analyzing discipline-specific science texts and integrating information from multiple sources.
28
cards
Biochemistry & Macromolecules
Master the structure and function of biological macromolecules, properties of water, functional groups, and the basic principles of thermodynamics in biological systems.
101
cards
Metabolism & Biochemical Reactions
Understand enzyme structure and function and explore cellular respiration and photosynthesis, including key pathways (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport).
39
cards
Enzyme Structure & Function
Learn how enzymes speed up chemical reactions, recognize enzyme structure and specificity, and identify factors that affect enzyme activity.
68
cards
Photosynthesis, Respiration & Energy Flow
Understand how organisms produce and use energy through ATP, photosynthesis, cellular respiration (aerobic/anaerobic), and chemosynthesis.
100
cards
Cell Structure & Function
Learn the structure and function of viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and organelles, as well as membrane transport and mechanisms of cellular homeostasis.
160
cards
Cellular Transport and Internal Balance
Understand how cells maintain internal balance through key transport processes such as diffusion, osmosis, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
102
cards
Cell Division & Differentiation
Understand the stages and control of the cell cycle, the mechanisms and purpose of mitosis and meiosis, and cellular differentiation in multicellular organisms.
52
cards
Growth and Development of Organisms
Learn how feedback mechanisms, hormones, and behaviors maintain internal balance (homeostasis) in animals and humans.
97
cards
Molecular Biology – DNA & Protein Synthesis
Review the structure of DNA and RNA, the processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation, and regulation of gene expression.
97
cards
Molecular Biology – Tools and Techniques in Biotechnology
Review key biotechnology tools such as gel electrophoresis, PCR, and gene therapy used to analyze and manipulate DNA.
104
cards
Inheritance of Traits
Learn Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, Punnett squares and pedigrees, causes of genetic disorders, and sources of genetic variation.
135
cards
Genetic Mutations and Their Effects
Learn how genetic mutations occur, how they affect proteins and traits, and their role in health, disease, and genetic variation.
75
cards
Common Ancestry & Diversity
Understand the evidence for evolution, the mechanisms of natural selection and speciation, and factors affecting population genetics (e.g., drift, gene flow, Hardy–Weinberg).
85
cards
Natural Selection & Adaptation
Examine genetic variation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and mechanisms like speciation and genetic drift in relation to species adaptation, survival, and extinction.
72
cards
Genetic Variation Sources
Identify how genetic variation arises from mutation, recombination, and sexual reproduction, and understand its role in evolution.
36
cards
Ecosystem Interdependence
Analyze energy flow and nutrient cycling in ecosystems, trophic relationships, population dynamics, biotic/abiotic factors, and ecological succession.
173
cards
Matter and Energy Cycles in Ecosystems
Describe trophic levels, biogeochemical cycles, and the impact of element distribution changes on ecosystems.
125
cards
Ecosystem Dynamics & Resilience
Explore biodiversity, ecosystem responses to natural or human changes, and solutions for mitigating biodiversity loss.
124
cards
Biotechnology: Impacts & Ethics
Evaluate human impacts on biodiversity, renewable and nonrenewable resources, natural hazards, and strategies to mitigate environmental damage.
68
cards
Hierarchy of Life and Kingdoms
Review the characteristics of life, classification systems, hierarchies of biological organization, and the comparative structure and function of major taxonomic groups.
83
cards
Animal Structure and Adaptations
Review key animal traits, body structures, and how animals evolved from simple to complex forms with specialized systems.
50
cards
Human Physiology
Identify the structure and function of major human body systems and plant systems, and understand feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis.
186
cards
Regulation and Homeostasis
Understand how organisms regulate internal conditions using feedback mechanisms, hormones, and behaviors to maintain homeostasis.
60
cards
Plant Growth and Transport Systems
Explore how plants grow, reproduce, and are classified based on their structures, lifecycles, and reproductive methods.
122
cards
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