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Jocasta Cochrane
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Decks in this class (25)
2. Genetics and disease 1
1. Discuss the major types of human genetic diseases and their patterns of inheritance.
2. Outline the methods used to clone genes responsible for inherited human diseases.
3. describe the cloning of genes for selected inheritance diseases and how this explains the pathogenesis of these diseases.
4. discuss the practical applications of genetic studies for diagnosis and treatment.
72
cards
3. Genetics and disease 2 - Monogenic disorders
What are monogenic disorders,
What can mutations in monogenic d...,
What do monogenic disorders follow
67
cards
4. Genetics and disease 3 - polygenic disorders and somatic disease
What are polygenic disorders,
What are polygenic disorders also...,
How are multiple genes involved i...
40
cards
5. Genetics and disease - genetic testing and therapy for genetic disorders
Why do we want to test for geneti...,
What needs to be remembered when ...,
What is eugenics
56
cards
6. Introduction to cancer
1. What is cancer?
2. What causes cancer?
3. How are normal and tumour cells different?
4. What are the challenges for cancer therapy?
53
cards
7. Tumour initiation and promotion
1. Initiation and mutagenesis
2. Mouse skin 2 stage model of chemical carcinogenesis
3. Introduce evidence for multistage development of cancer using colorectal cancer as an example
37
cards
8. Oncogenes
What experiment proved that cance...,
What is the lifecycle of a retrov...,
What is a key way cancer passes t...
47
cards
9. Cancer genetics 1: inherited mutations in oncogenes
1. The genetic role of cancer predisposition
2. Inherited proto-oncogenes
3. Clinical applications of molecular genetics in human cancer
53
cards
10. Cancer genetics 2: tumour suppressor genes
1. Knudson's 2-hit theory
2. Properties of tumour suppressor genes
3. Examples of tumour suppressor genes
30
cards
11. Cancer genetics 3: DNA repair genes
1. Cancer is a genetic disease
2. DNA repair genes and consequences
3. Carcinogen metabolism
41
cards
12. Chromosomes and Cancer 1
1. Types of chromosome abnormalities in cancers
2. How these lead to activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes.
3. Common chromosomal defects in tumours
54
cards
13. Chromosomes and cancer 2
What are solid tumours,
What are the characteristics of s...,
What are some common deletions in...
50
cards
14. The Tumour Microenvironment and Metastasis 1
1. Describe steps of cancer invasion and metastasis
2. Role of cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesions in metastasis
3. How new blood vessels affect cancer growth and metastasis
4. Understand how hypoxia induces VEGF production
5. Explain how VEGF and other factors stimulate angiogenesis
6. Describe how angiogenesis can be inhibited
49
cards
15. The Tumour Microenvironment and Metastasis 2
1. Tumours are a mixture of cell types that all contribute to cancer progression and metastasis
2. Roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumour growth
3. Role of immune cells including T cells and macrophages and the immune response to cancer cells
4. Cancer treatments targeting the microenvironment
40
cards
16. Viruses and Cancer 1
1. Describe different human tumour viruses
2. Know how viruses are shown to be associated with cancer
3. understand how viruses cause cancer
4. Describe cancer treatments targeting viruses
37
cards
17. Viruses and cancer 2
1. Describe how EBV and HPV cause cancer
2. Understand the life cycle of EBV and HPV
3. Give examples of proteins contributing to EBV and HPV infections
4. Describe vaccines and other treatments for viral infections
44
cards
18. Cancer Therapy
1. Review different methods employed to eradicate cancer
2. To understand how knowledge of molecular and cellular biology helps develop novel therapies for cancer
3. General therapies
4. Targeted and personalised therapies
5. Continuing challenges
44
cards
19. The Major Histocompatibility Complex
1. MHC genes encode proteins that present peptide fragments of proteins to T cells
2. MHC loci are polygenic and polymorphic
3. The variability in HLA molecules determines which pathogens an individual can mount a T cell response to
36
cards
20. HLA and Transplantation
1. Transplantation from a historical perspective
2. Barriers to successful transplantation
3. Human leukocyte antigen matching
4. Mechanisms of organ rejection
5. difficulties with obtaining sufficient organs
47
cards
21. HLA and Disease
1. Recall HLA molecule genes and structure
2. List MHS molecule functions in the thymus and SLTs
3. Recognise how HLA can contribute to disease
4. Describe possible mechanisms that link HLA to disease
37
cards
22. Hypersensitivity Reactions: Type 1 and 2
1. Understand the fundamental differences in immunological mechanisms underlying type 1 and 2 hypersensitivity reactions
2. Explain how certain antigens elicit IgE leading to type 1 reactions, detailing the chemical mediators and cells involved
3. Describe how IgG and IgM antibodies interact with other components of the immune system to cause type 2 reactions
4. Provide examples of clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity
52
cards
23. Hypersensitivity Reactions: type 3 and 4
1. Describe how antibody binding to soluble antigens can lead to tissue damage in type 3 reactions, explaining the role of complement and cells of the innate immune system
2. understand that type 4 reactions are primarily mediated by Th1 cells, describing the immunological mechanisms leading to 3 distinct forms of Th1-mediated type 4 reaction
55
cards
24. Immunodeficiency
1. Understand that failures in host defence may be inherited or acquired.
2. Use appropriate examples to explain how different classes of primary immunodeficiency affect different components of the immune system.
3. List the major causes of secondary immunodeficiency and describe how immunity is compromised in these conditions.
77
cards
25. Immunological Tolerance
1. Understand why immunological tolerance is necessary and the damaging consequences of failed immunological tolerance.
2. Compare and contract the mechanisms of tolerance acting on the developing T cells in the thymus and mature T cells in the periphery.
3. Explain the mechanisms of tolerance which shape the B cell repertoire both in the bone marrow and in the periphery.
62
cards
26. Autoimmune Diseases
1. Understand the steps that lead to autoimmune disease.
2. Describe factors that influence the development of autoimmune disease.
3. Classify autoimmune disease by type of target and type of immune response.
48
cards
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Cellular and Molecular pathology
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