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Verity Russell
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Decks in this class (233)
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The Three States of Matter - Solid, Liquid and Gas
What are the three states of matter,
What does which state you get dep...,
What 3 things affect the strength...
16
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Substances Can Change from One State to Another
What do physical changes do,
1 what happens when a solid is he...,
2 what does this make the particl...
12
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Diffusion is the Movement of Particles Through a Liquid or Gas
What is diffusion,
What is the natural tendency of s...
2
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Potassium Manganate(VII) and Water
Why is potassium maganate vii gre...,
What happens if you take a beaker...,
What are the particles of potassi...
5
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Ammonia and Hydrogen Chloride
What does aqueous ammonia give off,
What does hydrochloric acid give off,
What will form in the glass tube
8
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Bromine Gas and Air
What is bromine,
What can you use bromine for,
What do you do first
5
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The Nucleus
Where is it,
What does it contain,
Why does it have a positive charge
5
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The Electrons
How do they move around the nucleus,
How are they charged,
How big are they
8
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Number of Electrons Equals Number of Protons
What is the charge of a neutral atom,
What is the charge on the electro...,
What is the number of electrons a...
4
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Atomic Number and Mass Number Describe an Atom
What do these two numbers tell you,
What is the mass number,
What is the atomic number
7
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Molecules are Groups of Atoms
What can atoms join together to form,
What are molecules made of,
What are molecules held together by
3
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Elements Consist of One Type of Atom Only
What is nitrogen the most common ...,
How close together are the atoms ...,
Atoms in gases often go round in
4
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Compounds are Chemically Bonded
What is a compound,
What is carbon dioxide formed from,
How is a molecule of carbon dioxi...
6
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Mixtures are Easily Separated - Not Like Compounds
How are mixtures different to com...,
How are the parts of a mixture se...,
What is air a mixture of
6
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Filtration is Used to Separate an Insoluble Solid from a Liquid
When can filtration be used,
When can filtration be used in as...,
What is an example of purification
5
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Crystallisation is Used to Separate a Soluble Solid from a Solution
What do you do first pour,
Why do you do second heat,
What will happen when you heat it
6
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You Can Use Filtration and Crystallisation to Separate Rock Salt
What is rock salt a mixture of,
What are both salt and sand,
How are salt and sand different
10
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You Need to Know How to Do Paper Chromatography
What do you do first draw,
What do you do second add,
What do you do third loosely
9
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How Chromatography Separates Mixtures...
Why does chromatography work,
What will some dyes do,
What does the distance the dyes t...
3
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Chromatography Can Help You to Identify Dyes
What do you do if you want to wor...,
What do you do first,
What do you compare
4
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Simple Distillation is Used to Separate Out Solutions
What is simple distillation used for,
What is done to the solution first,
Which part of the solution evapor...
8
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Fractional Distillation is Used to Separate a Mixture of Liquids
How can you separate a mixture of...,
What do you do first put,
What will the different liquids a...
9
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The Periodic Table is a Table of All Known Elements
How many elements are we aware of,
What does the modern periodic tab...,
How is the period table laid out
13
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Elements in a Group Have the Same Number of Outer Electrons
What do the elements in any one g...,
What does this mean,
How was the periodic table made
6
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Electron Shell Rules:
What do electrons always occupy,
Which energy levels are filled first,
How many electrons are allowed in...
7
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Follow the Rules to Work Out Electronic Configurations
What do you need to know the firs...,
How many electrons does nitrogen ...
2
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Ionic Bonding - Transfer of Electrons
What do atoms do in ionic bonding,
What is this attraction known as,
What does electrostatic attractio...
5
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A Shell with Just One Electron is Well Keen to Get Rid...
What do all the atoms over at the...,
Why are the atoms keen to get rid...,
What does that leave an atom as
4
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A Nearly Full Shell is Well Keen to Get That Extra Electron...
What is on the other side of the ...,
What do these elements want,
What do they become
6
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Groups 1, 2, 6 and 7 are Most Likely to Form Ions
Which elements most readily form ...,
What are group 1 and 2 elements,
What are group 6 and 7 elements
10
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Ionic Compounds All Form in a Similar Way
What do dot and cross diagrams show,
Look at diagrams page 11,
What happens in sodium chloride
7
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Giant Ionic Structures Have High Melting and Boiling Points
What do compounds with ionic bond...,
How are the ions held together,
Why is the electrostatic attracti...
7
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A Covalent Bond is a Shared Pair of Electrons
Sometimes atoms prefer to make co...,
What does this mean,
What does each covalent bond provide
5
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Hydrogen, H2
How many electrons does hydrogen ...,
How many more electrons do they n...,
What do they often from to achiev...
4
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Chlorine, Cl2
How many electrons does chlorine ...,
What do they often form to achiev...,
What do they look like
3
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Hydrogen Chloride, HCI
How many electrons do both atoms ...,
What does it look like
2
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Ammonia, NH3
How many outer electrons does nit...,
How may covalent bonds does it ne...,
Why does it need to form more cov...
4
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Nitrogen, N2
How many more electrons do nitrog...,
How do nitrogen atoms fill their ...,
What does this create
4
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Water, H20
How many electrons does oxygen have,
How many more electrons do oxygen...,
What does water look like
4
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Oxygen, O2
How many outer electrons does oxy...,
How many more electrons does oxyg...,
What does the oxygen atom do in o...
6
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Carbon Dioxide, CO2
How many outer electrons does an ...,
How many more electrons does oxyg...,
What do the two oxygen atoms do i...
5
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Methane, CH4
How many outer electrons does car...,
How does it fill up its outer shell,
What does this look like
3
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Ethane, C2H6
What do the 6 hydrogen atoms each...,
What do the two carbon atoms share,
What does this look like
3
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Ethene, C2H4
In ethene what do the 4 hydrogen ...,
What is the two carbon atoms share,
What does this form
4
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Simple Molecular Substances
What are atoms within a molecule ...,
By contrast the forces of attract...,
What is the result of these feebl...
6
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Giant Covalent Structures
How are they different to giant i...,
How are all the atoms bonded to e...,
There are lots of these bonds whi...
6
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Diamond
Look at structure page 14,
What does each carbon atom do,
What does this structure make dia...
5
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Graphite
What does each carbon atom only form,
This makes graphite useful as,
What does it leave
5
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Equations Show the Reactants and Products of a Reaction
What can a chemical reaction be d...,
What can you write to show chemic...,
What do state symbols in equation...
7
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Symbol Equations Need to Be Balanced
What must there always be on both...,
How do you balance symbol equations,
What can t you change
3
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Method: Balance just ONE type of atom at a time
What do you do first,
What do you do second,
What do you do third
4
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Isotopes are the Same Except for an Extra Neutron or Two
What are isotopes,
What is the conclusion,
What would happen if they had dif...
6
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Relative Atomic Mass Takes All Stable Isotopes into Account
What is relative atomic mass a ju...,
What is relative atomic mass,
What does it have to allow
8
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Relative Formula Mass, Mr
What is the relative formula mass,
How do you get the relative formu...,
Look at examples page 18
3
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Finding the Empirical Formula (from Masses of Percentages)
What does the empirical formula g...,
What is the first step in calcula...,
What is the second step in calcul...
7
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The Empirical Formula isn’t Always the Same as the Molecular Formula
What is the empirical formula of ...,
What does the molecular formula o...,
What are molecular formulae
4
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The Three Important Steps - Not to be Missed...
1 write,
2 for the two bits you want,
3 apply the rule
7
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Percentage Yield Compares Actual and Theoretical Yield
The more reactant you start with,
What doesn t the percentage yield...,
How can the theoretical yield of ...
7
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‘The Mole’ is Simply the Name Given to a Certain Number
Why use a number as long as a mole,
What will one mole of atoms or mo...,
How many is a mole
6
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Nice Easy Formula for Finding the Number of Moles in a Given Mass:
What is the formula for moles
1
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Salts Can be Anhydrous or Hydrated
What do all solid salts consist of,
In some salts what is incorporate...,
Whats the water in a lattice called
6
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You Can Calculate How Much Water of Crystallisation a Salt Contains
What does one mole of a hydrated ...,
How many moles of water does hydr...,
What do many hydrated salts do to...
5
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Avogadro’s Law - One Mole of Any Gas Occupies 24 dm3
What does the space that one mole...,
What does one mole of any gas alw...,
Volume dm equation 1
5
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You Can Calculate Volumes in Reactions If You Know the Masses
What is the first stage,
What is the second stage,
Check out example page 23
3
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Concentration is the ‘Amount of Stuff’ per Unit Volume
What is the conc of a solution us...,
What does 1 mole of stuff in 1 dm...,
What else might conc be measured in
4
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Concentration = No. of Moles / Volume
What is the formula for conc,
Look at examples page 24
2
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Converting Moles per dm3 to Grams per dm3
How do you calculate concentratio...,
How do you change a conc from mol...,
Look at both examples page 24
3
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Electric Current is a Flow of Electrons or Ions
What charge do electrons have,
What changes do ions have,
What can electrons and ions act as
4
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Ionic Compounds Only Conduct Electricity when Molten or in Solution
What are ionic compounds made of,
Why don t solid ionic compounds c...,
What happens when an ionic compou...
5
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Covalent Compounds Don't Conduct Electricity
Why don t covalent compounds cont...,
This means they don t have any ch...,
What is an exception of this
3
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Metals are Held Together by Metallic Bonding
What are metals structure like,
What is metallic bonding,
What does metallic bonding give m...
3
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Metals are Good Conductors of Electricity and Heat
Why are metals good conductors of...
1
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Most Metals are Malleable
What can the layers of atoms do i...,
What does malleable mean
2
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Electrolysis is Used to Make New Substances
What is electrolysis,
What does it require to conduct t...,
How are electrolytes made
7
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Electrolytes are Liquids that Conduct Electricity
What happens when you place a con...,
What happens when you place a con...,
What is another way of determinin...
4
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In Molten Ionic Compounds There’s Only One Source of Ions
Why can molten ionic compounds be...,
What are they usually broken up into,
What is a good example of this
15
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Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions is a Bit More Complicated
In aqueous solutions as well as t...,
What happens at the cathode if h ...,
What happens at the cathode if th...
5
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Sulfuric Acid:
What does a solution of sulfuric ...,
What do hydrogen ions accept,
What happens at the cathode
8
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Sodium Chloride:
What does a solution of sodium ch...,
What do hydrogen ions do more eas...,
What happens at the cathode
8
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Copper(III) Sulfate:
What does a solution of copper ii...,
What do copper ions do more easil...,
What happens at the cathode
8
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No. Of Electrons Transferred Increases with Time and Current
What does the amount of product m...,
What happens if you increase the ...,
How can you increase this
3
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Coulombs and Faradays are Amounts of Electricity
What does one amp flowing for one...,
Generally what is the amount of c...,
What are 96 000 coulombs called
4
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One Mole of Product Needs ‘n’ Moles of Electrons
What does a sodium ion need to ma...,
What does one mole of sodium ions...,
What does an ion with a 2 charge ...
4
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Use These Steps in Calculations
What do you do first write,
What do you do second calculate,
What do you do third calculate
5
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Periods
What are the periods,
What happens as you go along a pe...,
How many are there
3
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Groups
What are the groups,
What do elements in the same grou...,
Why do elements in the same group...
5
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The Elements can be Classified as Metals or Non-Metals
What two parts can the periodic t...,
What are the elements on the left...,
What are the elements on the righ...
9
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Group 0 Elements are All Inert, Colourless Gases
What are group 0 elements called,
What are some examples of noble g...,
What are noble gases
5
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Group 1 Elements All React in a Similar Way with Water
What can simple reactions be used...,
What will elements of the same fa...,
What happens when lithium or sodi...
8
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Group 1 Elements Become More Reactive Down the Group
As you go down group 1 the elemen...,
How can you show this,
How can we tell that lithium is l...
8
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Atoms Lose Electrons More Easily Down the Group
How many electrons do group 1 met...,
What happens as you go down group...,
What happens to the atom as you g...
5
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Halogen - Seven Letters - Group 7
What are halogens,
What happens to the properties of...,
Properties of chlorine
8
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Hydrogen Chloride Gas Dissociates in Water...
What can halogens combine with hy...,
What is hydrogen chloride like,
What happens when hydrogen chlori...
6
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...but Not in Methylbenzene
What happens if hcl is dissolved ...,
Why isn t it acidic,
Diagram page 32
3
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More Reactive Halogens will Displace Less Reactive Ones
What kind of reactions do element...,
What is a displacement reaction,
Which is more reactive and how ca...
11
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Halogen Displacement Reactions Involve Transfer of Electrons
What happens when a displacement ...,
What is a loss of electrons called,
What is a gain in electrons called
8
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Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen
Acid metal,
The more reactive the metal,
How do very reactive metals react
9
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The Name of the Salt Depends on the Metal and Acid Used
Metas react with dilute hydrochlo...,
What will hydrochloric acid alway...,
What will sulfuric acid always pr...
5
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Metals Also React with Water
What do the reactions of metals w...,
Metal water,
How will reactive metals like pot...
6
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The Reactivity Series - How Well a Metal Reacts
What are examples of very reactiv...,
What are examples of faint reacti...,
Where are examples of not very re...
5
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A More Reactive Metal Displaces a Less Reactive Metal
Which react more strongly more re...,
Why will a more reactive metal di...,
Check out example page 35
8
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Iron and Steel Corrode to Make Rust
What does iron do easily,
When does rusting only happen,
What is the chemical reaction tha...
5
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There are Two Main Ways to Prevent Rusting
What is the most obvious way to p...,
What are 2 barrier methods,
What is the other way to prevent ...
6
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The Atmosphere is Mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen
What gases is the atmosphere made...
1
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You can Investigate the Proportion of Oxygen in the Atmosphere Using Copper
What happens when it s heated,
What does the reaction do with th...,
What can you do if you if you hea...
7
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You can Investigate the Proportion of Oxygen in the Atmosphere Using Iron or Phosphorus
What does iron react with to form...,
What will iron remove from the air,
What are the steps in doing this ...
11
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You Can Make O2 in the Lab
What is oxygen made from,
What will the hydroxide peroxide ...,
What is the equation
10
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When you Burn Something it Reacts with Oxygen in Air
What does an element burn in air do,
What character do these oxides have,
What are some examples
3
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Magnesium
What does magnesium burn with in air,
What is the white powder it forms,
What is magnesium oxide when diss...
4
cards
Carbon
What will carbon do in air if ver...,
What colour flame does it have,
What does it produce
5
cards
Sulfur
What does sulfur do in air or oxygen,
What colour flame does it have,
What does it produce
5
cards
You Can Collect Gases in a Test Tube
Why does this work,
What are the two ways this can be...,
What does the delivery depend on
7
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Dilute Acid reacts with Calcium Carbonate to Produce Carbon Dioxide
What is done with the calcium car...,
What does the dilute hydrochloric...,
What is the symbol equation
5
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The Thermal Decomposition of Metal Carbonates Also Produces CO2
What is another way of making co2,
This is an example of thermal dec...,
What will copper ii carbonate do
7
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CO2 is used in Fizzy Drinks and Fire Extinguishers
Why is co2 used in carbonated drinks,
What does the co2 do in water and...,
What does the formation of carbon...
10
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Carbon Dioxide is a Greenhouse Gas
What is the temp of the earth a b...,
What do gases in the atmos like c...,
What do greenhouse gases do
5
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Increasing Carbon Dioxide is Linked to Climate Change
What has the extra co2 caused,
What is global warming a type of,
How could it also lead to severe ...
3
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Flame Tests Identify Metals Ions
What do some compounds of some me...,
How can you test for various meta...,
Lithium
7
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Some Metals Form a Coloured Precipitate with NaOH
What are many metal hydroxides an...,
What do some of these hydroxides ...,
What do you do in this test
7
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‘Ammonium Compound + NaOH’ Gives off (Stinky) Ammonia
Why is it not a good idea to smel...,
How can you check for ammonia gas,
What happens if there s ammonia p...
6
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Hydrochloric Acid Can Help Detect Carbonates
What do you add to your test samp...,
If candidates are present what wi...,
What do carbonates give off
6
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Test for Sulfates with HCI and Barium Chloride
What do sulfate ions produce,
How do you test for a sulfate ion,
What is the equation
5
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Test for Halides (Cl-, Brx, l-) with Nitric Acid and Silver Nitrate
How do you gets for chloride brom...,
What does a chloride ion give,
What does a bromide ion give
9
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There are Tests for 5 Common Gases
Choline,
Oxygen,
Carbon dioxide
5
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Wet Copper(II) Sulfate is Blue - Dry Copper(II) Sulfate is White
What can copper ii sulfate crysta...,
What happens when copper ii sulfa...,
What happens if you heat the blue...
9
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Alkanes are Hydrocarbons
What are hydrocarbons,
What are alkanes,
Different alkanes have chains of
4
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MethAne Formula: CH4
What does this look like
1
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EthAne Formula: C2H6
What does this look like
1
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PropAne Formula: C3H8
What does this look like
1
cards
ButAne Formula: C4H10
What does this look like
1
cards
PentAne Formula: C5H12
What does this look like
1
cards
Alkanes are a Homologous Series
What are the alkanes above a part of,
What is a homologous series,
What can you use a general formul...
8
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Complete Combustion Happens When There’s Plenty of Oxygen
What do alkanes do when there s p...,
What is the equation for this,
What does complete combustion do
4
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Incomplete Combustion of Alkanes is NOT Safe
What happens if there isn t enoug...,
What does this mean incomplete al...,
What is the word equation
5
cards
Halogens React with Alkanes to make Haloalkanes
What do chlorine and bromine reac...,
What happens in these reactions,
What kind of reaction is this
5
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Alkenes Have a C=C Double Bond
What are alkenes,
Why are they unsaturated molecules,
What are the first three alkenes
4
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EthEne Formula: C2H4
What does this look like
1
cards
PropEne Formula: C3H6
What does this look like
1
cards
ButEne Formula: C4H8
What does this look like number 1,
What does this look like number 2,
These are isomers what does this ...
4
cards
Halogens React with Alkanes, Forming Haloalkanes
What can halogens react with alke...,
For example bromine and ethene ca...,
Symbol equation for dibromoethane
8
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Ethanol Can Be Produced from Ethene and Steam
What is ethene produced from,
What will ethene react with and w...,
What temp does the reaction need
8
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Ethanol Can Also be Produced by Fermentation
What is the raw material for ferm...,
How is this material converted in...,
What does this process need compa...
5
cards
Both Methods have Advantages and Disadvantages...
Ethene and steam rate of reaction,
Ethene and steam quality of product,
Ethene and steam raw material
8
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Ethanol can be Dehydrated to Form Ethene
How can you turn ethanol back int...,
What reaction is this,
What is done with the ethanol vapour
5
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The pH Scale Goes from 0 to 14
The strongest acid has ph,
The strongest alkali has ph,
A neutral substance has ph
8
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An Indicator is Just a Dye That Changes Colour
What does the dye in the indicato...,
What are indicators very useful for,
What is universal indicator
6
cards
Acids can be Neutralised by Bases (or Alkalis)
What is an acid,
What is a base,
What is an alkali
7
cards
Acids react with Metal Oxides to make Salt + Water...
Metal oxides are generally,
What does this mean,
Acid metal oxide
9
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... and with Metal Carbonates to give Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Acid metal carbonate,
What does the type of salt you ge...,
Hydrochloric acid sodium carbonate
5
cards
Salts can be Soluble or Insoluble
Some salts are others aren t,
Sodium potassium and ammonium sal...,
Nitrates are
6
cards
Making Soluble Salts Using Acids and Insoluble Bases
What do you need to pick,
What do you add to the acid,
What will the solid do in the acid
6
cards
Making Soluble Salts Using an Alkali
Why can t you filter out alkalis ...,
What do you need to add to just n...,
Why do you need to use an indicator
5
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Making Insoluble Salts - Precipitation Reactions
What can you do if the salt you w...,
What do you need to pick,
For example what do you need to m...
3
cards
Titrations are Used to Find about Concentrations
What do titrations allow you to f...,
What do you do by using a pipette...,
What does the pipette filler stop...
13
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The Calculation - Work Out the Number of Moles
Step 1 work,
Step 2 write,
Step 3 work
4
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Reactions Can Go at All Sorts of Different Rates
What is one of the slowest,
What is a moderate speed reaction,
What is a really fast reaction
3
cards
The Rate of a Reaction Depends on Four Things:
1,
2,
3
4
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Typical Graphs for Rate of Reaction
What is the quickest reaction sho...,
The line that flattens out first ...,
See graph page 54
8
cards
Three Ways to Measure the Speed of a Reaction
What can the speed of a reaction ...,
Rate of reaction equation,
What are the 3 ways the speed of ...
3
cards
Precipitation
This is when the product of the r...,
What do you observe,
The quicker the marker disappears
5
cards
Change in Mass (Usually Gas Given Off)
What can measuring the speed of a...,
As the gas is released,
The quicker the reading on the ba...
6
cards
The Volume of Gas Given Off
Why does this involve the use of ...,
The more gas given off during a g...,
When can you say the reaction has...
5
cards
Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid and Marble Chips
What is this experiment often use...,
What do you do first,
What is the independent variable ...
7
cards
This graph shows the effect of using finer particles of solid
What does an increase in surface ...,
Look at graph page 56,
What does line 4 show
4
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Reaction of Magnesium Metal with Dilute HCl
What is this reaction good for me...,
What does this reaction give off,
What is the independent variable x
4
cards
This graph shows the effect of using more concentrated acid solutions
What do you take readings of,
What do you do with the results,
What do you change and keep the s...
7
cards
Sodium Thiosulfate and HCl Produce a Cloudy Precipitate
These two chemicals are both,
What do they react together to form,
What does this experiment involve
12
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The Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide
What is this a good reaction for ...,
What is the decomposition of hydr...,
What will speed up this pretty sl...
9
cards
More Collisions Increases the Rate of Reaction
What can all four methods of incr...,
What are the 4 methods of increas...
2
cards
Higher Temperatures
What happens to the particles whe...,
If the particles are moving quicker
2
cards
Higher Concentration (or PRESSURE)
What does it mean if a solution i...,
In a gas what does increasing the...,
As a reaction progresses there ar...
3
cards
Larger Surface Area
What will breaking up a reactant ...,
The particles around it in the so...
2
cards
Catalysts
How does a solid catalyst work,
How do they increase the number o...
2
cards
Faster Collisions Increase the Rate of Reaction
What do higher temps also increas...,
Faster collins are only caused by,
When will reactions only happen i...
6
cards
Energy Must Always be Supplied to Break Bonds
What happens during a chemical re...,
What kind of process is bond brea...,
What kind of process is bond form...
3
cards
In an Exothermic Reaction, Energy is Given Out
In an exothermic reaction the ene...,
What is an exothermic reaction
2
cards
In an Endothermic Reaction, Energy is Taken In
In an endothermic reaction the en...,
What is an endothermic reaction
2
cards
The Change in Energy is Called the Enthalpy Change
What is enthalpy change,
What is the symbol for enthalpy c...,
What are the units of h
6
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Energy Level Diagrams Show if it’s Exo- or Endo- thermic
In exothermic reactions h is,
In endothermic reactions h is,
Exothermic which is at a lower en...
12
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The Activation Energy is Lowered by Catalysts
What does the activation energy r...,
How does a catalyst make reaction...,
Use of catalyst how is this repre...
5
cards
Bond Energy - The Amount of Energy in a Bond
What does each type of chemical b...,
What does this bond energy slight...,
What will you be given in the exam
5
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Example: The Formation of HCl
What is the formula for enthalpy ...,
If the h is negative the reaction...,
If the h is positive the reaction...
3
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You can find out Enthalpy Changes using Calorimetry
What does calorimetry allow you t...
1
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Calorimetry - Dissolving, Displacement and Neutralisation Reactions
How do you measure the amount of ...,
How do you investigate the enthal...,
What is the biggest problem with ...
5
cards
Calorimetry - Combustion
How can you measure the amount of...,
What does this method use and why,
What is really important to make ...
11
cards
Calculate the Heat Energy Transferred
What does the combustion experime...,
What can you work out if you find...,
What else do you need to know
5
cards
Calculate the Molar Enthalpy Change
What can you do once you ve calcu...,
What do you do first,
What do you do second
4
cards
Reversible Reaction
What is a reversible reaction,
What kind of reaction is the ther...,
What is ammonium chloride
6
cards
Reversible Reactions Will Reach Dynamic Equilibrium
What happens if a reversible reac...,
What does equilibrium mean,
What does a closed system mean
6
cards
Changing Temperature and Pressure Can Get You More Product
In a reversible reaction what doe...,
What happens if you deliberately ...,
Temp all reactions are in one dir...
8
cards
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0
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Most Metals are Found in Ores
What do metals that are unreactiv...,
Unreactive metals such as gold ar...,
What do most metals do
6
cards
Metals Often have to be Separated from their Oxides
What do lots of common metals lik...,
What are these oxides,
What is a reduction reaction
5
cards
Methods of Extraction and Linked to the Order of Reactivity
Which metals can be extracted by ...,
Why is this,
What can carbon remove oxygen from
8
cards
Electrolysis Removes Aluminium from Its Ore
Aluminium s a very abundant metal...,
What is the main ore,
What is left after mining and pur...
4
cards
Cryolite is Used to Lower the Temperature (and Costs)
Why would melting pure aluminium ...,
What is done instead of melting,
Why is dissolving better
5
cards
Electrolysis - Turning IONS into the Atoms You Want
Molten aluminium oxide contains f...,
What are the positive al3 ions at...,
What are the negative o2 ions att...
8
cards
Electrolysis is Expensive - It’s All That Electricity...
Why is electrolysis pretty expensive,
What needs frequent replacement a...,
Why was aluminium more expensive ...
3
cards
The Raw Materials are Iron Ore, Coke and Limestone
What does the iron ore contain,
What is the coke,
What does the limestone do
3
cards
Reducing the Iron Ore to Iron:
What is done first hot,
2 what does the coke do,
3 what does the co2 do
6
cards
Removing the Impurities:
What is the main impurity,
What removes this,
What is the limestone decomposed ...
5
cards
Iron and Aluminium have some Properties in Common
1 they are both,
2 they have,
3 they both have a
5
cards
The Uses of Iron Depend on Its Properties
What can adding other materials t...,
What is wrought iron,
What can you also mix iron with o...
7
cards
And so do the Uses of Aluminium
How is aluminium different to iron,
The aluminium reacts very quickly...,
What does a protective layer of a...
5
cards
Crude Oil is Separated into Different Hydrocarbon Fractions
What is crude oil,
How are the different compounds s...,
1 what is done to the oil and wha...
19
cards
Burning Fuels Can Produce Pollutants
What are a lot of the fractions o...,
What happens when they re burnt
2
cards
Carbon Monoxide is Produced by Incomplete Combustion
When is carbon monoxide formed,
Why is carbon monoxide bad,
What can a lack of oxygen in the ...
3
cards
Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides Come from Burning Fuel
When are sulfur dioxide and nitro...,
Where does the sulfur dioxide com...,
When are nitrogen oxides created
4
cards
Acid Rain is Caused by Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides
Why is all rain slightly acidic,
What happens when sulfur dioxide ...,
What is the symbol equation for c...
12
cards
Cracking - Splitting Up Long-Chain Hydrocarbons
What are long hydrocarbons like,
What are shorter hydrocarbons like,
Which is in higher demand short c...
7
cards
Conditions for Cracking: Heat, Plus a Catalyst
In industry what are vaporised hy...,
What are used as catalysts,
See diagram for cracking pacing i...
10
cards
Addition Polymers are Made Under High Pressure
What do the monomers that make up...,
What will many small molecules of...,
See diagram for ethene become pol...
3
cards
Polymers can be Shown Using Repeating Units
Poly ethene,
What does the n on the first one ...,
What does the n on the second one...
7
cards
Polymers can be Made by Condensation Polymerisation
What does condensation polymerisa...,
What do the monomers do,
What happens for each new bond th...
5
cards
Polymers Have Lots of Uses
Why are different polymers suitab...,
What is poly ethene like,
What does this make poly ethene i...
6
cards
Most Polymers are Hard to Get Rid Of
Most addition polymers are inert ...,
Why are most additional polymers ...,
This means it takes a really long...
5
cards
Nitrogen and Hydrogen are Needed to Make Ammonia
N2 g 3h2 g,
Where is the nitrogen obtained from,
Where does the hydrogen come from
6
cards
The Reaction is Reversible, So There’s a Compromise to be Made:
What do higher pressures favour,
Why is the pressure set as high a...,
The forward reaction is exothermi...
10
cards
Ammonia is Used to Make Nitric Acid and Ammonium Nitrate Fertiliser
What is ammonia used in to make n...,
You can react ammonia with nitric...,
Why is ammonium nitrate an especi...
6
cards
The Contact Process is Used to Make Sulfuric Acid
What does the first stage of the ...,
What is then done to the sulfur d...,
What is done to the sulfur trioxi...
4
cards
A Catalyst is Important When Making SO3
All applies to previous question ...
1
cards
Modern Industry Uses Loads of Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid is used in many man...,
Fertilisers,
Detergents
4
cards
Electrolysis of Salt gives Hydrogen, Chlorine and NaOH
What is concentrated brine electr...,
What 3 useful products does it pr...,
See diagram page 77
6
cards
The Half-Equations - Make Sure the Electrons Balance
What can you write out half equat...,
What is the main thing to make sure,
Electrolysis of sodium chloride h...
3
cards
Chlorine
What is chlorine used to do,
What is it used to make
2
cards
Sodium Hydroxide
What is sodium hydroxide,
What is sodium hydroxide used wid...,
What is it used to make
3
cards
Hydrogen
Which process is hydrogen used in,
What does this process do
2
cards
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0
cards
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